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. 2022 Sep 14;21:403–421. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.031

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

The crosstalk between BMSCs and RAWs. A) Cell morphology observation. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured on different samples for 24 h. B) The CCK-8 assays of RAW 264.7 cells cultured with hydrogels using a transwell plate. Relative gene expressions of M1 phenotype markers in macrophages: C) TNF-α and D) IL-1β. Relative gene expressions of M2 phenotype markers in macrophages: E) TGF-β and F) IL-10. RAW 264.7 cells were co-cultured with hydrogels for 3 and 7 days. G) Schematic experimental design for investigating the effects of RAWs cultured with SMS hydrogel on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. H–K) Osteogenesis-related gene expressions of ALP, RUNX2, VEGF, OPN, analyzed by qRT-PCR. L) Schematic experimental design for investigating the effects of BMSCs cultured with SMS hydrogel on the polarization of RAWs. M − P) Inflammation-related gene expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10, analyzed by qRT-PCR. (In the histograms C–F, H–K, and M − P, white column: Con group; black column: SF hydrogel; purple column: SMS hydrogel; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001).