Fig. 3.

Therapeutic effects of TWNDs. (A) Schematic illustration of the establishment and treatment schedule of AKI mice. Serum levels of CRE (B) and BUN(C) in normal mice or AKI mice at 24 h after different treatment. (D) DHE staining (red fluorescence), DAPI (blue fluorescence) staining, and their merge images of kidney tissues from each group. Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) HE staining of kidney tissues from each group. Yellow arrows indicate the damaged tubular epithelial cells and yellow stars indicate tubular casts. Scale bar: 20 μm. (F) Tubular injury score of each group in HE staining. (G–J) HO-1(G), KIM-1(H), SOD(I), and TBARS(J) levels measured in renal tissue homogenates from each group. Data represent means ± S.D. from six independent replicates. (**P < 0.01 vs AKI + PBS group; ^###P < 0.001 vs Normal + PBS or Normal + TWNDs group).