Table 2.

Compositions of human and cow's milk, modified after Crittenden et al.¹¹⁹ and Villa et al.⁸¹

Milk fraction	Protein family	Protein	Human (mg/ml)	Cow (mg/ml)	Allergen namea	Impact
Caseins	Caseins	α-s1-casein	0	11.6	Bos d 9	major
		α-s2-casein	0	3.0	Bos d 10	minor
		β-casein	2.2	9.6	Bos d 11	major
		κ-casein	0.4	3.6	Bos d 12	minor
		γ-casein	0	1.6	Bos d 8
Whey proteins	Lipocalins	β–lactoglobulin (BLG)	0	3.0	Bos d 5	major
	Lysozymes	α-lactalbumin (ALA)	2.2	1.2	Bos d 4	major
	Transferrins	lactoferrin	6.0	0.1–0.2	–	(evtl.minor)
	Albumins	serum albumin	0.4	0.4	Bos d 6	minor
	Immunoglobulins	immunoglobulins	0.8	0.6	Bos d 7	minor
		other	0.8	0.6

^aAccording to the official WHO/IUIS nomenclature⁴⁹ allergens are abbreviated by the first letters of the genus in Latin, followed by the first letters of the species and a number, which represents the chronological order of their discovery. Bos d: abbreviation of Bos domesticus