. 2022 Sep 2;13:972041. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.972041

TABLE 1.

Effect of in ovo cysteine and lysine on hatchability and chick quality at hatch.

Parameters	UI	DW	L Y	CY	CLH	CLL	SEM	p Value
Egg weight (g)	71.06	71.60	70.44	70.30	71.34	71.15	5.43	0.988
Hatchability (%)	79.25^b	77.80^b	80.15^b	87.73^a	58.59^c	78.63^b	1.911	0.0001
Chick weight (g)	42.26^ab	42.62^ab	42.12^ab	43.50^a	42.02^b	42.55^ab	1.78	0.00 1
Chick/egg Ratio	0.59^ab	0.59^ab	0.59^b	0.62^a	0.59^ab	0.59^ab	0.04	<0.001
Eye	10.00	12.00	14.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	5.92	0.657
Appearance	9.00	9.50	10.00	10.00	10.00	9.00	0.87	0.264
Activity	6.00	6.00	5.75	6.00	5.50	5.50	0.90	0.678
Navel area	10.50	9.00	12.00	9.00	9.00	9.00	3.00	0.456
Remaining membrane	10.00	8.00	11.00	11.00	10.00	10.00	2.95	0.643
Leg	12.00	16.00	12.00	12.00	12.00	16.00	2.90	0.544
Remaining yolk	15.00	11.00	15.00	15.00	11.00	16.00	2.67	0.608
Yolk absorption	12.00^a	12.00^a	12.00^a	9.00^b	12.00^a	12.00^a	1.26	0.004
Total scores	84.50^b	83.50^b	91.75^a	84.00^b	81.50^b	92.00^a	5.82	0.045

^abc: Means value within the row bearing different superscript differ significantly (p< 0.05). UI, Un-injected eggs; DW, eggs injected with Distilled water; LY, Eggs injected 2 mg lysine; CY, Eggs injected 3.4 mg cysteine; CLH, Eggs injected mixture of 3.4 mg cysteine plus 2 mg lysine; CLL, Eggs injected mixture of 1.7 mg cysteine plus 1 mg lysine.