Table 1.
Baseline descriptive characteristics of the participants
| No Cognitive Impairment (n = 12,519) | Mild Cognitive Impairment (n = 1,045) | Severe Cognitive Impairment (n = 264) | Any Cognitive Impairment (n = 1,309) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handgrip Strength (kg) | 31.6 ± 11.0 | 32.0 ± 11.4 | 29.8 ± 11.0 | 31.6 ± 11.3 |
| Age (y) | 67.0 ± 10.1 | 59.1 ± 8.2 | 61.4 ± 10.1 | 59.6 ± 8.7 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 28.1 ± 5.7 | 29.2 ± 6.6 | 28.1 ± 6.9 | 29.0 ± 6.6 |
| Morbidities | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.5 |
| CES-D Score | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 2.4 ± 2.4 |
| Male (n (%)) | 5,069 (40.5%) | 376 (36.0%) | 98 (37.1%) | 474 (36.2%) |
| Black (n (%)) | 1,471 (11.8%) | 327 (31.3%) | 80 (30.3%) | 407 (31.1%) |
| White (n (%)) | 10,537 (84.2%) | 597 (57.1%) | 139 (52.6%) | 736 (56.2%) |
| Hispanic (n (%)) | 955 (7.6%) | 197 (18.9%) | 59 (22.3%) | 256 (19.6%) |
| Current Smoker (n (%)) | 1,601 (12.8%) | 282 (27.0%) | 76 (28.7%) | 358 (27.4%) |
| Previous Smoker (n (%)) | 7,093 (56.7%) | 615 (58.9%) | 166 (62.8%) | 781 (59.7%) |
| Any Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (n (%)) | 10,481 (83.8%) | 810 (77.5%) | 178 (67.4%) | 988 (75.5%) |
| Social Engagement | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 |
| Educational Achievement (n (%)) | ||||
| Grad College and Above | 2,978 (23.8%) | 81 (7.8%) | 17 (6.4%) | 98 (7.5%) |
| Grad HS or Passed HS Equivalent | 7,476 (59.7%) | 580 (55.5%) | 101 (38.3%) | 681 (52.0%) |
| Test; Completed Some College | ||||
| Did Not Grad from HS | 2,064 (16.5%) | 383 (36.7%) | 146 (55.3%) | 529 (40.4%) |
| Self-Rated Health (n (%)) | ||||
| Excellent | 1,579 (12.6%) | 91 (8.7%) | 17 (6.4%) | 108 (8.4%) |
| Very Good | 4,082 (32.6%) | 209 (20.0%) | 33 (12.5%) | 242 (18.5%) |
| Good | 3,986 (31.8%) | 301 (28.8%) | 51 (19.3%) | 352 (26.9%) |
| Fair | 2,216 (17.7%) | 312 (29.9%) | 99 (37.5%) | 411 (31.4%) |
| Poor | 649 (5.2%) | 129 (12.3%) | 64 (24.3%) | 193 (14.7%) |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; Grad, graduate; HS, high school; kg, kilogram; kg/m2, kilograms per meters-squared.