Table 2.

Association between lower handgrip strength and any cognitive impairment

	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Handgrip Strength (5-kg Lower)	1.10	1.04,	1.15
Body Mass Index	0.98	0.96,	0.99
Depression Score	1.13	1.09,	1.17
Male (Reference: Female)	1.98	1.55,	2.51
Black (Reference: Not-Black)	2.45	1.56,	3.84
White (Reference: Not-White)	0.37	0.25,	0.55
Hispanic (Reference: Not-Hispanic)	2.36	1.72,	3.24
Morbidity	1.04	0.97,	1.11
Age	0.90	0.89,	0.91
Current Smoker (Reference: Non-Smoker)	1.67	1.31,	2.12
Previous Smoker (Reference: Non-Smoker)	0.76	0.62,	0.93
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity	0.82	0.69,	0.97
Social Engagement	0.75	0.68,	0.83
Time	0.98	0.96,	0.99
Educational Achievement (Reference: College Graduate and Above)
Graduated High School or Passed a High School Equivalency	2.62	1.97,	3.48
Test; Completed Some College
Did Not Graduate from High School	9.63	6.86,	13.50
Self-Rated Health (Reference: Excellent)
Very Good	0.87	0.66,	1.14
Good	1.06	0.80,	1.41
Fair	1.32	0.97,	1.78
Poor	2.36	1.64,	3.38