Table 4.

Association between lower handgrip strength and poorer cognitive functioning

	Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Handgrip Strength (5-kg Lower)	1.10	1.05,	1.14
Body Mass Index	0.97	0.96,	0.98
Depression Score	1.12	1.09,	1.16
Male (Reference: Female)	1.94	1.54,	2.45
Black (Reference: Not-Black)	2.33	1.51,	3.59
White (Reference: Not-White)	0.36	0.25,	0.54
Hispanic (Reference: Not-Hispanic)	2.09	1.54,	2.84
Morbidity	1.05	0.98,	1.12
Age	0.90	0.89,	0.91
Current Smoker (Reference: Non-Smoker)	1.47	1.17,	1.85
Previous Smoker (Reference: Non-Smoker)	0.78	0.64,	0.95
Any MVPA (Reference: No MVPA)	0.80	0.68,	0.93
Social Engagement	0.78	0.71,	0.86
Time	0.80	0.73,	0.86
Educational Achievement (Reference: College Graduate and Above)
Graduated High School or Passed a High School Equivalency	2.36	1.80,	3.09
Test; Completed Some College
Did Not Graduate from High School	8.67	6.29,	11.99
Self-Rated Health (Reference: Excellent)
Very Good	0.82	0.64,	1.06
Good	1.05	0.81,	1.37
Fair	1.34	1.01,	1.77
Poor	2.20	1.57,	3.07

MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.