Table 2.

Summary of Selected Articles.

Authors	References	Year	Article title	Methods	Findings	Aim
Arvanitis, M	(23)	2020	Development of the influence, motivation, and patient activation in diabetes (IMPACT-D (TM)) measure	Literature review, expert opinion, and qualitative interviews and focus groups	The effect and motivation of patient stimulation in diabetes care (TM) leads to better physical health and less severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms.	We sought to create a new research and clinical instrument-the Influence and Motivation for Patient ACTivation in Diabetes care (IMPACT-D (TM))—to measure the degree to which patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) value health and believe they can influence it
Gremyr, I	(24)	2018	Exploring the phase for highest impact on radicality: a cross-sectional study of patient involvement in quality improvement in Swedish healthcare	Exploratory cross-sectional survey	Involving patients in improvement projects can increase the quality of care and help identify completely new ways of providing care. The effect of patient involvement on perceived radicality depends on the stage of patient involvement. The greatest effect on being radical was observed in the stages of recording and action experiences, in the stage of moderate impact evaluation and the least effect was observed in the stage of identification and prioritization.	Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the phase of an improvement cycle in which patient involvement had the highest impact on radicality of improvement
Gillani, SMR	(12)	2017	A randomised controlled trial in diabetes demonstrating the positive impact of a patient activation strategy on diabetes processes and HbA(1c): the WICKED project	Cluster randomised	By providing structural information directly to diabetic people, they become active in their care, as shown by the results of a study on care and the results of glycemic control.	We developed a structured information booklet to promote patient activation and report the 1-year outcomes of a randomised controlled trial assessing its impact on diabetes care processes and on glycaemic control
Vidyanti, I	(3)	2015	Low-income minority patient engagement with automated telephonic depression assessment and impact on health outcomes	Mixed-method analyses (including regression analyses and coding of interviews)	The biggest barrier to patient engagement is timing. The level of patient involvement varies in terms of baseline depression and has no significant effect on health outcomes and care satisfaction at 6, 12, and 18 months. However, from the results of the preliminary clinical trials, the intervention group (depression care) is more satisfied than the 2 control groups. Therefore, technology is more likely to influence satisfaction with depression care outcomes through provider participation than patient engagement.	We investigated dimensions of low-income minority patient engagement in the context of diabetes depression care management with automated telephone assessment (ATA) calls as a facilitator
Aung, E	(13)	2015	Joint influence of patient-assessed chronic illness care and patient activation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes	Population-based prospective cohort study	When Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) was low, a positive correlation was observed between patient activation and glycemic control.	To examine the association of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) with glycaemic control and the modulating effect of patient activation on this association
Kim, JY	(14)	2016	The Influence of Wireless Self-Monitoring Program on the Relationship Between Patient Activation and Health Behaviors, Medication Adherence, and Blood Pressure Levels in Hypertensive Patients: A Substudy of a Randomized Controlled Trial	Randomized controlled trial	Participating in a wireless self-monitoring program motivates people to take more control of their health management. Patient activation reduces smoking and controls blood pressure. This relationship was more observed in the reduction of smoking, alcohol consumption and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6 months among the participants, but no difference was observed in terms of drug adherence.	To study the influence of wireless self-monitoring program and patient activation measures on health behaviors, medication adherence, and blood pressure levels as well as control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Mc Namara, KP	(23)	2014	Patient engagement strategies used for hypertension and their influence on self-management attributes	A survey of patients with treated hypertension was undertaken in 27 community pharmacies.	Engaging the patient in self-monitoring or documenting blood pressure readings was associated with an increased likelihood of reaching the target blood pressure.	The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of use of key strategies and to determine their independent relationship with patient self-management attributes.
Woehrle, H	(16)	2018	Effect of a patient engagement tool on positive airway pressure adherence: analysis of a German healthcare provider database	Data from a German healthcare provider (ResMed Healthcare Germany) were retrospectively analyzed.	Adding a PE tool may help improve adherence to treatment and reduce mask leakage.	This study investigated the addition of a real-time feedback patient engagement tool on positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence when added to a proactive telemedicine strategy
Dukhanin V	(15)	2018	Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review	Systematic review	Forty-four outcome metrics were grouped into 3 domains (internal, external, and aggregate outcomes) that included 6 subdomains: impact on engagement participants, impact on services provided by the healthcare organization, impact on the organization itself, influence on the broader public, influence on population health, and engagement cost-effectiveness. d when systems or organizations evaluate cost-effectiveness, they should include the time and resource costs accruing to P2C2 participants	Define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy
Higgins, MA	(25)	2016	Unraveling the meaning of patient engagement: A concept analysis	Literature review, concept analysis	Four defining attributes of actively patient engagement in care include personalization, access, commitment and therapeutic alliance	This study seeks to define the concept by identifying patient engagement in the context of its use
Newman, B	(26)	2021	Do patient engagement interventions work for all patients? A systematic review and realist synthesis of interventions to enhance patient safety	Systematic review, Meta-analysis	Collaborative strategy development, a user-friendly design, proactive messaging and agency sponsorship were identified as mechanisms to improve engagement about safety at the point of direct care	This review identifies the strategies used to engage patients in safety during direct care, explores who is engaged and determines the mechanisms that impact effectiveness.
Anjana, E	(23)	2018	Patient Engagement In Health Care Safety: An Overview Of Mixed-Quality Evidence	Systematic review	Supporting patient engagement in medication and chronic disease self-management, adverse event reporting, and medical record accuracy has a positive effect on safety efforts	This research aims to develop guidelines to enhance patient partnership within safety efforts
Barello, S	(3)	2012	Patient Engagement as an Emerging Challenge for Healthcare Services: Mapping the Literature	Bibliometric and qualitative content analyses	Patient engagement has been identified as a key factor to improve health services delivery and quality	This study was conducted with the aim of the impact of patient engagement on the quality of health care
Bombard, Y	(16)	2018	Engaging patients to improve quality of care: a systematic review	Systematic review, Meta-analysis	Identify strategies for optimal patient engagement to improve quality of health care such as: techniques to enhance (1) design, (2) recruitment, (3) involvement, (4) creating a receptive context, and (5) leadership actions.	The aim of this research was to identify factors and strategies that make patient engagement possible and lead to improving the health services quality.
Schwappach, B	(27)	2010	Engaging Patients as Vigilant Partners in Safety	Systematic review	The involvement of patients in safety may be successful if initiatives are based on patients’ perspectives, promote complex behavioral change, and if their implementation is accompanied by serious efforts for cultural and normative change in health care institutions that place patients and their safety at the center of health care.	This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the evidence of patients’ attitudes toward engagement in error prevention and the effectiveness of efforts to increase patient participation
Hibbard, J	(2)	2003	Engaging health care consumers to improve the quality of care	Conceptual framework and review of the literature	Engaging patients in collaborative care, shared decision-making with their providers, and chronic disease self-management have improved health outcomes and lead to increases functioning, reduces pain, and decreases costs.	The purpose of this study To examine the evidence available on the contribution of consumers to care quality through the coproducer and evaluator roles
Liang, L	(28)	2018	Patient engagement in hospital health service planning and improvement: a scoping review Implementing family-integrated care in the NICU: engaging veteran parents in program design and delivery	Scoping review	Asking patients to provide insight into problems rather than solutions and deploying provider champions may enhance patient influence on hospital services.	The purpose of this study was to evaluate PE in hospital health service improvement.