Table 3.

Classification of Consequences of Patient Engagement (PE).

Consequences	Type	Example
Health outcome/effectiveness	Improving the quality of care	Involving patients in improvement projects can increase the quality of care and help identify completely new ways of providing care. The effect of patient involvement on perceived radiculitis depends on the stage of patient involvement. The greatest effect on being radical was observed in the stages of recording and action experiences, in the stage of moderate impact evaluation and the least effect was observed in the stage of identification and prioritization (24). Supporting patient engagement in medication and chronic disease adverse event reporting, and medical record accuracy has a positive effect on safety efforts (29).
	Achieving treatment results	Engaging the patient in self-monitoring or documenting blood pressure readings was associated with an increased likelihood of reaching the target blood pressure (26).
	Patient satisfaction	From the results of the preliminary clinical trials, the intervention group (depression care) is more satisfied than the 2 control groups. Therefore, technology is more likely to influence satisfaction with depression care outcomes through provider participation than patient engagement (3).
	Reduce depression and anxiety	The effect and motivation of patient simulation in diabetes care (TM) leads to better physical health and less severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (23).
Patient compliance	Improving patient adherence to the treatment process	Adding a PE tool may help improve adherence to treatment and reduce mask leakage and positive airway pressure adherence (16).
Self-efficiency	Increasing patient responsibility	When Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) was low, a positive correlation was observed between patient activation and glycemic control (13).
	Better self-control	By providing structural information directly to diabetic people, they become active in their care, as shown by the results of a study on care and the results of glycemic control. (12)
		Participating in a wireless self-monitoring program motivates people to take more control of their health management. Patient activation reduces smoking and controls blood pressure. This relationship was more observed in the reduction of smoking, alcohol consumption, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6 months among the participants, but no difference was observed in terms of drug adherence. (14)
Return on investment	Time and resources	The biggest barrier to PE is timing.(3)
		When systems or organizations evaluate cost-effectiveness, they should include the time and resource costs accruing to PE.(15)