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. 2022 Sep 5;12:953392. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953392

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Lin, Xiong, Yu, Pan and Huang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differentially expressed metabolites between control individuals and nephrolithiasis patients. (A) Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of positively charged metabolites. (B) PLS-DA of negatively charged metabolites. (C) Volcano plot of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), characterized by fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.667 (P < 0.05) with a threshold of VIP ≥ 1. Red dots represent up-regulated metabolites, blue dots represent down-regulated metabolites. (D) Heatmap of top 10 up-regulated metabolites in nephrolith patients. (E) Heatmap of top ten down-regulated metabolites in nephrolith patients. (F) KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEMs.