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. 2021 Dec 22;71(10):2011–2021. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323951

Figure 7.

Figure 7

L. gallinarum produces and catabolises L-tryptophan to release ILA to protect against CRC. Targeted metabonomics on L-tryphtophan were performed on different culture supernatants and faecal samples from Apc Min/+ mice under different treatments. (A) Score plots of PCA revealed clear separations among culture supernatant of L. gallinarum, E. coli MG1655 and BHI groups. (B) Score plots of PCA revealed clear separations among faecal samples from L. gallinarum-treated, E. coli MG1655-treated and PBS Apc Min/+ mice. (C) Heatmap analysis revealed the abundance of different metabolites in LGCS, ECCS and BHI groups. (D) Heatmap analysis revealed the abundance of different metabolites in the gut of Apc Min/+ mice under different treatments. (E) The cell growth of CRC cells was significantly suppressed by ILA. (F) The cell apoptosis of CRC cells was significantly increased by ILA. (G) Schematic diagram showing the experimental design, timeline and representative macroscopic images of colons from of ILA-treated Apc Min/+ mouse model. (H) Colon, small intestinal and total tumour number (colon+small intestinal) in Apc Min/+ mice with or without ILA treatment. (I) Colon, small intestinal with or without ILA treatment. (J) TUNEL-positive staining cells in colon tissues of Apc Min/+ mice with or without ILA treatment. Each black triangle indicates one tumour location. P values are calculated by two-way analysis of variance or Student’s t-test as appropriate. *P<0.05, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001. BHI, brain heart infusion; CRC, colorectal cancer; ECCS, Escherichia coli culture supernatant; ILA, indole-3-lactic acid; LGCS, Lactobacillus gallinarum culture supernatant; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCA, principal component analysis.