Table 4.

Outcomes

Outcome	Cohort; no. (%) of patients*			p value†
	Historical	Transitional	Implementation
Length of stay, median, d
All patients	3	4	2	0.06‡
Patients with initial nonperative intent	3	3	2	0.2‡
1-yr readmission for recurrence	29 (45)	13 (23)	9 (29)	0.04§
No. of recurrences, mean ± SD
All patients	0.95 ± 1.11	0.43 ± 0.92	0.42 ± 0.67	0.003‡
Patients with previous surgery	1.00 ± 1.11	0.00 ± 0.94	0.43 ± 0.69	0.002‡
Operation for recurrence	8 (28)	2 (15)	2 (22)	0.8§
Time to follow-up, median, d	33.0	31.5	29.0	0.3‡
Complications
Any	2 (3)	3 (5)	3 (10)	0.5§
Clavien–Dindo grade > III	1 (2)	2 (4)	0 (0)	0.5§
Died	0 (0)	4 (7)	1 (3)	0.07§

SD = standard deviation.

^*Except where noted otherwise.

^†Historical cohort versus transitional cohort versus implementation cohort.

^‡Kruskal–Wallis test.

^§χ² test.