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. 2022 Sep 19;21(1):447–477. doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01509-7

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Fig. 1 — Potential applications of metal–organic frameworks. Metal–organic frameworks can be used in photovoltaic applications. Metal–organic frameworks can be used for electrochemical applications through energy storage and electrocatalysis. Metal–organic frameworks can be used to store and separate the gas. Metal–organic frameworks can be used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cancer treatment, and medical imaging. Metal–organic frameworks can be used as catalysis for organic transformations. MOFs refers to metal–organic frameworks. Kreno et al. 2012; Guo et al. 2021; Kaur et al. 2016; Li et al. 2018; Dhakshinamoorthy et al. 2018