Table 2.

Study-specific subinterventions in studies with multidimensional approach¹⁵,²³,²⁴,²⁶

Authors; ear	Educational intervention	Local clinical champion intervention	Feedback intervention
Ross I, et al; 201523	Collaborative-wide meetings reviewed imaging guidelines & presented baseline de-identified practice-level data	Champions given practice- and physician-level data; reviewed with colleagues along with relevant guideline recommendations	General performance feedback given at collaborative-wide meetings; individual data given to local clinical champion
Hurley P, et al; 201715	Educational toolkits with placards for posting in each practice’s clinics, and scripts to assists in patient education regarding guideline rational	Champions received collaborative-wide training, led local presentations with prepared slides, and were encouraged to engage high-intensity imaging users	Champions encouraged to periodically review and present the practice’s imaging performance data
Miller DC, et al; 201124	Summary of AUA & NCCN guidelines included in data collection form; guidelines reviewed locally	Champions led local meetings and reviewed guidelines with partners	Three data-collection phases, with de-identified performance feedback provided between phases
Rutledge AB, et al; 201826	Local meetings reviewed guidelines and underpinning evidence; written information distributed	Champion chaired educational meetings and presented local baseline staging practices data	De-identified baseline staging practices & internal metrics presented at regular meetings

AUA: American Urological Association; BS: bone scan; CT: computed tomography; EAU: European Association of Urology; NCCN: National Comprehensive Cancer Network.