Figure 2.

Group mean adaptation data (with shaded areas indicating ±1 SE) for gradual (pink) and sudden (blue) perturbation schedules (illustrated at top). Each participant’s data were first normalized to the median value of baseline trials 4–10. A: speech auditory-motor adaptation to a +250 cents shift of the vowel formant frequencies during monosyllabic word production (F1, F2: 1st and 2nd formant frequencies). B: reach visuomotor adaptation to a 30° counterclockwise rotation of fingertip cursor location during out-and-back movements. Data points correspond to epochs of 3 trials (cycles including 1 trial for each of 3 different target words or reach directions). The first 3 epochs of each condition (black symbols) were discarded to avoid initial familiarization effects on baseline normalization.