Table 1.
Summarize reviewed studies in environmental literature
| Authors | Period | Case study | Methodology | Effect on environmental quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saleem et al. (2022) | 2008–2018 | OECD region | PVAR | Life expectancy (−), energy consumption (−) |
| Adebayo et al. (2022) | 1965–2019 | Sweden | Novel quantile-on-quantile regression (QQ) approach | Trade openess (+), renewable energy consumption (+), economic growth (+) |
| Khan et al. (2022) | 2002–2019 | 180 countries | OLS, fixed effect, and system generalized method of moments (SGMM) | Income inequality (−), Institutional quality (−), financial development (−), economic growth (−), trade openness (+), renewable energy (+) |
| Liu and Zhang et al. (2022) | 2003–2017 | China | STIRPAT model | EPU (+) |
| Sharma et al. (2021d) | 1990–2015 | 8 developing countries of South and Southeast Asia | CS-ARDL | Per capita (−), life expectancy (−), renewable energy consumption (+) |
| Pata and Caglar (2021) | 1980–2016 | China | AARDL | Globalization (−), trade openness (−), income (−), human capital (+), renewable energy consumption (no) |
| Wang and Zhang (2021) | 1990–2015 | High-income countries | PFMOLS | Trade openness (+) |
| Upper-middle-income countries | Trade openness (+) | |||
| Lower-middle-income countries | Trade openness (no) | |||
| Low-income countries | Trade openness (−) | |||
| Khan et al. (2021) | 1971–2016 | USA | GMM, GLM | Natural resources (−), renewable energy (−), non-renewable energy (+), biocapacity (+), population growth (+) |
| Hundie (2021) | 1979–2014 | Ethiopia | ARDL bounds test, DOLS approach | Economic growth (−), income inequality (no), urbanization (−), population size (−), energy intensity (−), industrialization (−) |
| Li et al. (2020) | 1996–2018 | Eastern European countries | GLS | Energy efficiency (+), GDP per capita (+), life expectancy (−) |
| Ahmed et al. (2020) | 1970–2016 | China | ARDL | Urbanization (+), natural resources (+), economic growth (+), human capital (−) |
| Baloch et al. (2020) | 2010–2016 | 40 Sub-Saharan | Driscoll Kray regression estimator | GDP per capita (−), Income inequality (−), poverty (−), total population (+), economic freedom (no), access to electricity (no), inflation (no) |
| Pirgaip and Dinçergök (2020) | 1998–2018 | G7 countries | Bootstrap panel | EPU (−) |
| Adams et al. (2020) | 1996–2017 | Countries with high geopolitical risk | Panel ARDL | Energy consumption (−), economic growth (−), EPU (−) |
| Adedoyin and Zakari (2020) | 1985–2017 | UK | ARDL | EPU (+), real GDP (−), energy use (−) |
| Shahbaz et al. (2019) | 1965–2016 | USA | ARDL | Energy consumption (−), trade openness (+), FDI (−) |
| Lv and Xu (2019) | 1992–2012 | 55 middle-income countries | Panel ARDL | Trade openness (−), urbanization (+) |
| Zamil et al. (2019) | 1972–2014 | Oman | ARDL | GDP per capita (−), trade openness (−) |
| Hassan et al. (2019) | 1970–2014 | Pakistan | ARDL | Natural resources (+) |
| Zafar et al. (2019) | 1970–2015 | USA | ARDL | Energy consumption (+) , economic growth (+), natural resources (−), human capital (−), FDI (−) |
| Uzar (2020) | 1984–2014 | Turkey | ARDL | Income inequality (−) |
| Demir et al. (2019) | 1963–2011 | Turkey | ARDL | Income inequality (+) |
| Jiang et al. (2019) | January 1985 to August 2017 | USA | Novel parametric test of Granger causality in quantiles | EPU (−) |
| Barra and Zotti (2018) | 2000–2009 | 120 countries | GMM method | Income inequality (no) |
| Charfeddine and Mrabet (2017) | 1975–2007 | 15 MENA countries | DOLS, FMOLS | Energy consumption (−), urbanization (+), life expectancy (+), fertility rate (+) |
| Zhang et al. (2017) | 1971–2013 | NICs-10 | PFMOLS | trade openness (+), real GDP (−), energy consumption (−) |
| Shahzad et al. (2017) | 1971–2011 | Pakistan | ARDL | Trade openness (−), financial development (−) |
| Al-Mulali et al. (2015) | 1990–2013 | 23 selected European countries | PFMOLS | GDP growth (−), urbanization (−), financial development(−), trade openness (+) |
(−): degrade environment; (+): improve environmental quality; (no): no effect on environment quality. Source: Current Research