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. 2022 Sep 20;30(5):13048–13066. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23044-2

Table 7.

CS-ARDL results

Dependent variable: lnEF Coefficients Standard error z-statistic p-value
Short-run estimation
Δ(lnEPU) 0.0616388 0.0280475 2.20 0.028
Δ(lnW) 0.1286102 0.3093468 0.42 0.678
Δ(lnTO) 0.2283546 0.1358288 1.68 0.093
Δ(lnNR) −0.0331151 0.0183501 −1.80 0.071
Δ(lnLE) −5.222865 10.58172 −0.49 0.622
Constant 9.152548 11.15852 0.82 0.012
Long-run estimation
Error correction −0.8947111 0.0976226 -9.16 0.000
lnEPU −0.0641288 0.021915 −2.93 0.003
lnW 0.631202 0.274867 2.30 0.022
lnTO −0.4741248 0.1560682 −3.04 0.002
lnNR 0.093378 0.0332952 2.80 0.005
lnLE −2.682202 2.963176 −0.91 0.365

*, **, and *** denote statistically significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Source: Current Research