Table 1.
Clinicopathological features of the post-ESD bleeding and non-bleeding groups
| Post-ESD bleeding, n = 14 | Non-bleeding, n = 290 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 71.1 (4.3) | 73.4 (8.3) | 0.309 |
| Gender, n (%) | 1 | ||
| Male | 10 (71.4) | 172 (70.2) | |
| Female | 4 (28.6) | 73 (29.8) | |
| Co-morbidity | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 4 (28.6) | 20 (6.9) | 0.018 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0 (0) | 12 (4.1) | 1 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0 (0) | 22 (7.6) | 0.61 |
| Chronic kidney disease on HD | 0 (0) | 4 (1.4) | 1 |
| Antithrombotic therapy, n (%) | |||
| Aspirin | 0 (0) | 24 (8.3) | 0.612 |
| Thienopyridine derivatives | 0 (0) | 20 (6.9) | 0.610 |
| Cilostazol | 0 (0) | 10 (3.4) | 1 |
| Warfarin | 3 (21.4) | 5 (1.7) | 0.004 |
| DOAC | 2 (14.3) | 24 (8.3) | 0.340 |
| Others | 1 (7.1) | 23 (7.9) | 1 |
| Antithrombotic agent use, n (%) | 6 (42.9) | 86 (29.7) | 0.371 |
| Single | 6 (42.9) | 66 (22.8) | 0.106 |
| Doublet | 0 (0) | 15 (5.2) | 1 |
| Triplet | 0 (0) | 3 (1) | 1 |
| Heparin replacement | 3 (21.4) | 12 (4.1) | 0.026 |
| P-CAB | 2 (14.3) | 36 (12.4) | 0.690 |
| Tumor location, n (%) | |||
| Lower third | 12 (85.7) | 132 (45.5) | 0.004 |
| Middle third | 2 (14.3) | 101 (34.8) | 0.151 |
| Upper third | 0 (0) | 56 (19.3) | 0.081 |
| Macroscopic type, n (%) | |||
| Elevated | 6 (42.9) | 131 (45.2) | 1 |
| Flat/depressed | 8 (57.1) | 130 (44.8) | 0.418 |
| mixed | 0 (0) | 29 (10) | 0.376 |
| Histology | |||
| Adenoma | 4 (28.6) | 54 (18.6) | 0.316 |
| Differentiated type | 10 (71.4) | 223 (76.9) | 0.746 |
| Undifferentiated type | 0 (0) | 13 (4.5) | 1 |
| UL +, n (%) | 1 (7.1) | 22 (7.6) | 1 |
| Depth | |||
| SM2, n (%) | 0 (0) | 16 (5.5) | 1 |
| Resection size, mm (mean ± SD) | 39.3 (16.9) | 36.9 (12.5) | 0.494 |
| Resection size > 30 mm, n (%) | 9 (64.3) | 188 (64.8) | 1 |
| Tumor size, mm (mean ± SD) | 19.1 (10.7) | 16.5 (11.2) | 0.396 |
| Resection time, minutes (mean ± SD) | 106.6 (66.4) | 103.4 (71.6) | 0.866 |
| Resection time > 100 min, n (%) | 8 (57.1) | 117 (40.3) | 0.268 |
| En bloc resection, n (%) | 14 (100) | 281 (96.9) | 1 |
| R0 resection, n (%) | 14 (100) | 272 (93.8) | 1 |
| Intraoperative perforation, n (%) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.7) | 1 |
HD hemodialysis, DOAC direct oral anticoagulants, P-CAB potassium-competitive acid blocker, UL ulceration, SD standard deviation