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. 2022 Sep 16;219(11):e20220514. doi: 10.1084/jem.20220514

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω in patients with critical influenza pneumonia. (A) Age and sex distribution of the patients with critical influenza pneumonia or mild influenza infection. (B) Luciferase-based neutralization assay to detect auto-Abs neutralizing 10 ng/ml or 100 pg/ml IFN-α2, IFN-ω, or IFN-β. Plasma samples from patients with critical (red) or mild (black) influenza were diluted 1:10 in all tests. HEK293T cells were transfected with the dual luciferase system with IFN-sensitive response elements (ISRE) before treatment with type I IFNs with or without patient plasma, and relative luciferase activity (RLA) was calculated by normalizing firefly luciferase activity against Renilla luciferase activity. An RLA <15% of the value for the mock treatment was considered to correspond to neutralizing activity (dashed line; Bastard et al., 2021a). Experiments were repeated at least twice, and the average was plotted in the figure. (C) Age and sex distribution of patients with auto-Ab neutralizing IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω (n = 13).