TABLE 1.
Population baseline characteristics.
| No PAD N = 767 | Subclinical PAD N = 148 | Clinical PAD N = 132 | P for trend | |
| Age – mean (SD) years | 62.68 (12.36) | 65.03 (13.14) | 70.83 (10.49) | <0.001 |
| Males – N (%) | 632 (82.4) | 118 (79.7) | 108 (81.8) | 0.677 |
| Body mass index – mean (SD) | 28.21 (4.57) | 27.89 (4.52) | 27.27 (5.14) | 0.034 |
| Past smoker – N (%) | 124 (16.2) | 29 (19.6) | 41 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker – N (%) | 340 (44.3) | 70 (47.3) | 56 (42.4) | 0.903 |
| Family history of CAD – N (%) | 242 (36.0) | 39 (30.2) | 27 (27.3) | 0.048 |
| Dyslipidemia – N (%) | 520 (68.0) | 106 (72.1) | 121 (91.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension – N (%) | 479 (62.6) | 110 (74.8) | 119 (90.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus – N (%) | 284 (37.1) | 69 (46.6) | 84 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (median [IQR]) | 5.90 [5.44, 6.60] | 5.90 [5.40, 7.10] | 6.70 [5.89, 8.20] | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure – N (%) | 52 (6.8) | 25 (16.9) | 50 (37.9) | <0.001 |
| Prior ACS events | 249 (32.5) | 64 (43.2) | 86 (65.2) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 271 (35.4) | 66 (44.6) | 94 (71.2) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure – N (%) | 63 (8.2) | 13 (8.8) | 39 (29.5) | <0.001 |
| Prior revascularization – N (%) | 245 (32.0) | 57 (38.5) | 84 (64.6) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke/TIA – N (%) | 47 (6.1) | 18 (12.2) | 34 (26.0) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 89 (75.4) | 64 (48.9) | 290 (47.8) | <0.001 |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 43 (41.7) | 30 (32.6) | 85 (81.7) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 1 (1.3) | 3 (3.9) | 10 (2.5) | 0.718 |
| Apixaban | 12 (14.3) | 3 (3.9) | 13 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Dabigatran | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.0) | 0.242 |
| Rivaroxaban | 5 (6.2) | 2 (2.7) | 4 (1.0) | 0.002 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 12.16 [2.73, 81.30] | 5.30 [2.18, 16.20] | 5.44 [1.66, 15.50] | 0.004 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; IQR, inter-quartile range; PAD, peripheral artery disease; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; TIA, transient ischemic attack; SD, standard deviation.