Table 5.

Descriptive statistics and results of one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the perceived importance of emerging knowledge & skill sets.

Item	Descriptive		Wilcoxon signed-rank test
	$\bar{x}$	$\sigma$	Median	$z$	$p$	$d$
BKS1: Emerging intelligent technologies with aeronautical/aviation elements (e.g., Unmanned Aerial Systems)	3.70	0.66	4.00	7.494	<0.001	0.746
BKS2: Aircraft engineering and maintenance	4.20	0.74	4.00	8.205	<0.001	0.816
BKS3: Airline administration & operations management	4.00	0.71	4.00	8.000	<0.001	0.796
BKS4: Air logistics & cargo management (e.g., Dangerous Goods Regulations)	4.00	0.65	4.00	8.333	<0.001	0.829
BKS5: Customer service management	3.60	0.79	4.00	5.722	<0.001	0.569
BKS6: Pilot ground theory	3.90	1.05	4.00	6.199	<0.001	0.617
BKS7: Organisational management & leadership	4.00	0.79	4.00	7.773	<0.001	0.773

Notes – $z$: Standardised test statistic, $d$: Cohen's d effect size.