TABLE 3.

Examples of bacteriostasis on superhydrophobic surfaces.

The name of the alloy	The preparation methods	Bacterial	The antibacterial effect	Reference
5,083 aluminum alloy	Ammonia etching and PFDTES modification	SRB	Greatly reduce the adhesion, growth, and proliferation of SRB.	Zhang et al. (2019)
Micro-nano structured titanium	Thermochemical treatment after silane modification	S. aureus	Decreased bacterial adhesion significantly (>90%) and prevented biofilm formation	Manivasagam et al. (2022)
		E. coli
Flower-like micro-nano titanium particles	Electrophoretic deposition	E. coli	Repel E. coli adhesion	Zeng et al. (2020)
Aluminum	Passivation with low surface energy OTES molecules after chemical etching	S. aureus	An antibiofouling property of 99.9% against S. aureus, 99% against P. aeruginosa and 99% against E. coli bacteria	Agbe et al. (2020)
		P. aeruginosa
		E. coli
Superhydrophobic basalt scales (SiO2)	Fluorinated with PFDTES after NaOH solution chemical etching	P. aeruginosa	Inhibited the adhesion of the P. aeruginosa cells	Zheng et al. (2021)

PFDTES: 1H, 1H, 2H, and 2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. OTES, octyltriethoxysilane; SRB, Sulfate-reducing bacteria.