FIGURE 6.

Comparison of alteration of intracellular central carbon metabolism between different sub-groups. Comparison between Adherent and Suspension culture. (A) Absolute intracellular concentration (M) of IA. (B) The ratio of fumarate/succinate. (C) The contribution of succinate in total TCA cycle intermediates pool. (D) The ratio of AMP/ATP in 5 different culture systems. Simplified schematic alteration of central carbon metabolism in HEK293 cells with a heatmap of the log2 fold change of average metabolites levels. Dark gray color metabolites were not determined. Direct and indirect reactions are shown by continuous lines and dashed lines, respectively. TCA; tricarboxylic acid, PPP; pentose phosphate pathway, (E) Comparison between SFM and CGM adherent culture. The log2 fold change of average of SFM/CGM was shown. SFM sequential and direct-adapted adherent cultures were merged. (F) Comparison between sequential and direct adaptation in SFM suspension culture. The log2 fold change of average of SFM Seq Sus/SFM Dir Sus was shown. Statistically significant different metabolites (p < 0.05) were illustrated with a bold border and the graphs were illustrated using OMIX software⁵⁵. Data presented as average ±standard deviation.