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. 2022 Sep 3;25(10):105059. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105059

Table 3.

The size of chimpanzee parties when alone and in association with gorillas

Chimpanzee Party Type Chimpanzee Parties
Number of Chimpanzees in Interspecific Associations
Party Size Percent of Parties Chimpanzees in Interspecific Association Percent of Interspecific Associations
Mixed Age/Sex Party 8.66 ± 4.03 54% 12.71 ± 4.71 59%
Adults Party 4.67 ± 1.85 17% 5.86 ± 2.57 10%
Females Party 4.19 ± 1.71 12% 5.63 ± 2.22 14%
Males Party 2.61 ± 0.84 3% 3.00 ± 0 3%
Mother and Offspring 2.30 ± 0.50 5% 2.00 ± 0 7%
Lone Individual 1.00 5% 1.00 3%
Undetermined 2.48 ± 0.74 3% 2.00 ± 0 3%

Chimpanzee parties consisted of all individuals travelling, feeding, resting, or socializing within 50m of one another (adopted from Wrangham et al., 1992 and Wilson et al., 2001). Interspecific associations can generally be defined as two or more species in such close proximity that they can be regarded as members of the same group. We have applied this definition to identify interspecific associations.