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. 2022 Mar 9;14(5):393–417. doi: 10.1159/000522331

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Hypothetical mechanism of the induction of immune response of P. gingivalis by PPAD-mediated citrullination. P. gingivalis, a frequent colonizer of the oral cavity of periodontitis patients expresses its own PPAD theoretically capable of producing citrullinated proteins with new epitopes which were not encountered before by immune cells and thereby potentially causing substantially higher immunoreactivity (b) compared to the state with no P. gingivalis infection (a). PAD, peptidyl arginine deiminase.