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. 2022 Apr 1;14(5):555–568. doi: 10.1159/000522338

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Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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Fig. 1 — Characterization of EVs from mouse BALF. BALF was subjected to sequential centrifugation to separate cells, apoptotic bodies, MVs, and EVs. aSize distribution of vesicles in total BALF, MVs, EVs, and EV-depleted supernatant was assayed by NTA. bDifference in release of EVs into BALF from control (saline) and LPS-treated mice. cDetermination of EV size by transmission electron microscopy. dExpression of EV marker proteins CD9, CD63 in EVs. eTNF-α levels in EV-depleted BALF in saline and LPS treatment after 6 h, 3, and 15 days. fComparison of phospholipid content of MVs, EVs, and EV-depleted BALF. The error bars represent the mean ± SEM from five mice in each group. Statistical difference between different treatments calculated by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. b*p ≤ 0.05 LPS versus saline control (e), ***/•••p ≤ 0.001 LPS versus saline control. f***p ≤ 0.001 EV or MV versus EV-depleted BALF. NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis.