Table 3.

Sex-based association between COVID-19-related family economic hardship and mental health (Male N = 28,353; Female N = 26,595).

	Anxiety		Depressive symptoms		Suicidal ideation
Variables	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
COVID-19-related family economic hardship
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Slight	1.10 (0.96–1.26)	1.05 (0.94–1.16)	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	1.16 (1.07–1.25)**	1.00 (0.89–1.14)	1.15 (1.04–1.27)**
Moderate	1.22 (1.04–1.44)*	1.32 (1.18–1.48)***	1.28 (1.16–1.41)***	1.47 (1.35–1.60)***	1.18 (1.03–1.34)*	1.36 (1.21–1.53)***
Severe	2.13 (1.75–2.60)***	2.05 (1.72–2.44)***	1.69 (1.46–1.94)***	2.15 (1.88–2.45)***	1.67 (1.40–2.00)***	2.04 (1.73–2.41)***

We adjusted the analyses for sex, grade, residential area, co-residence with parents, subjective academic performance, subjective family economic status, subjective health status, smoking status, alcoholic use.

aOR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.