Table 2.
Association of PA with MSK pain by anatomical locations
| Location of MSK pain |
Dose of WHO guideline-based PA | |||||||||||
| 150–300 min | 300–450 min | 450–600 min | 600–750 min | 750–900 min | 900+ min | |||||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|
| Neck/cervical | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.01) |
0.99 (0.87 to 1.12) |
0.76 (0.67 to 0.88) |
0.89 (0.77 to 1.03) |
0.66 (0.57 to 0.76) |
0.78 (0.67 to 0.91) |
0.62 (0.52 to 0.74) |
0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) |
0.63 (0.52 to 0.77) |
0.82 (0.67 to 1.00) |
0.59 (0.52 to 0.67) |
0.78 (0.68 to 0.89) |
| Shoulder | 0.87 (0.75 to 1.00) |
0.92 (0.79 to 1.06) |
0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) |
0.94 (0.79 to 1.10) |
0.83 (0.71 to 0.99) |
0.93 (0.79 to 1.11) |
0.80 (0.66 to 0.98) |
0.88 (0.72 to 1.08) |
1.10 (0.90 to 1.34) |
1.27 (1.04 to 1.56) |
0.98 (0.85 to 1.13) |
1.16 (1.00 to 1.34) |
| Upper arm | 0.77 (0.60 to 1.00) |
0.98 (0.76 to 1.27) |
0.60 (0.44 to 0.81) |
0.81 (0.60 to 1.11) |
0.56 (0.41 to 0.77) |
0.76 (0.54 to 1.05) |
0.62 (0.42 to 0.89) |
0.81 (0.55 to 1.19) |
0.89 (0.63 to 1.28) |
1.23 (0.85 to 1.80) |
0.73 (0.56 to 0.94) |
1.01 (0.77 to 1.33) |
| Elbow | 0.73 (0.54 to 0.97) |
0.77 (0.57 to 1.03) |
0.64 (0.46 to 0.89) |
0.70 (0.50 to 0.98) |
0.95 (0.70 to 1.30) |
0.99 (0.72 to 1.37) |
0.92 (0.64 to 1.32) |
0.93 (0.64 to 1.37) |
0.90 (0.60 to 1.34) |
0.94 (0.62 to 1.42) |
1.19 (0.93 to 1.53) |
1.30 (0.99 to 1.70) |
| Forearm | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.28) |
1.08 (0.76 to 1.52) |
0.53 (0.34 to 0.82) |
0.63 (0.40 to 0.99) |
0.72 (0.47 to 1.07) |
0.85 (0.55 to 1.30) |
0.80 (0.50 to 1.29) |
0.96 (0.59 to 1.55) |
0.74 (0.43 to 1.26) |
0.90 (0.52 to 1.54) |
0.98 (0.70 to 1.36) |
1.17 (0.82 to 1.65) |
| Wrist | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.07) |
1.07 (0.86 to 1.34) |
0.57 (0.43 to 0.74) |
0.74 (0.57 to 0.98) |
0.63 (0.48 to 0.82) |
0.81 (0.62 to 1.07) |
0.79 (0.58 to 1.06) |
1.00 (0.74 to 1.37) |
0.71 (0.50 to 0.99) |
0.95 (0.67 to 1.34) |
0.86 (0.70 to 1.07) |
1.15 (0.91 to 1.44) |
| Hand | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.88) |
0.81 (0.62 to 1.05) |
0.44 (0.32 to 0.61) |
0.57 (0.40 to 0.79) |
0.47 (0.34 to 0.66) |
0.59 (0.41 to 0.83) |
0.60 (0.41 to 0.87) |
0.74 (0.50 to 1.09) |
0.60 (0.40 to 0.91) |
0.77 (0.50 to 1.18) |
0.57 (0.44 to 0.75) |
0.74 (0.56 to 0.99) |
| Fingers | 0.85 (0.66 to 1.10) |
0.91 (0.70 to 1.19) |
0.63 (0.46 to 0.86) |
0.72 (0.52 to 0.99) |
0.65 (0.47 to 0.86) |
0.71 (0.51 to 0.99) |
0.80 (0.56 to 1.14) |
0.93 (0.65 to 1.34) |
0.71 (0.48 to 1.07) |
0.81 (0.53 to 1.22) |
0.75 (0.58 to 0.98) |
0.84 (0.64 to 1.11) |
| Thoracic spine | 0.75 (0.63 to 0.90) |
0.77 (0.64 to 0.93) |
0.83 (0.69 to 1.02) |
0.90 (0.74 to 1.10) |
0.71 (0.58 to 0.88) |
0.78 (0.63 to 0.97) |
0.69 (0.54 to 0.89) |
0.74 (0.57 to 0.97) |
0.54 (0.40 to 0.73) |
0.64 (0.47 to 0.87) |
0.63 (0.52 to 0.76) |
0.77 (0.63 to 0.93) |
| Ribs | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.21) |
0.98 (0.68 to 1.42) |
0.74 (0.49 to 1.11) |
0.88 (0.58 to 1.34) |
0.60 (0.38 to 0.95) |
0.74 (0.46 to 1.17) |
1.04 (0.66 to 1.62) |
1.18 (0.73 to 1.88) |
0.69 (0.39 to 1.22) |
0.88 (0.50 to 1.57) |
0.78 (0.54 to 1.11) |
0.90 (0.62 to 1.36) |
| Lower back | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03) |
0.93 (0.82 to 1.06) |
0.85 (0.73 to 0.97) |
0.91 (0.78 to 1.05) |
0.77 (0.67 to 0.90) |
0.84 (0.72 to 0.97) |
0.69 (0.57 to 0.82) |
0.76 (0.63 to 0.91) |
0.85 (0.71 to 1.03) |
0.96 (0.79 to 1.16) |
0.79 (0.70 to 0.90) |
0.93 (0.81 to 1.06) |
| Abdomen | 0.70 (0.52 to 0.95) |
0.94 (0.69 to 1.28) |
0.45 (0.31 to 0.67) |
0.61 (0.41 to 0.91) |
0.68 (0.48 to 0.97) |
0.97 (0.68 to 1.40) |
0.67 (0.44 to 1.02) |
0.89 (0.57 to 1.37) |
0.91 (0.60 to 1.38) |
1.33 (0.87 to 2.05) |
0.60 (0.44 to 0.83) |
0.82 (0.59 to 1.14) |
| Pelvis/Gluteals | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) |
1.11 (0.86 to 1.43) |
0.77 (0.57 to 1.03) |
0.86 (0.64 to 1.17) |
0.92 (0.69 to 1.23) |
1.13 (0.84 to 1.52) |
1.02 (0.74 to 1.41) |
1.15 (0.81 to 1.62) |
0.96 (0.67 to 1.39) |
1.19 (0.82 to 1.73) |
1.10 (0.86 to 1.40) |
1.37 (1.06 to 1.76) |
| Hip | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.30) |
1.05 (0.85 to 1.29) |
0.93 (0.74 to 1.17) |
0.96 (0.76 to 1.21) |
1.05 (0.84 to 1.32) |
1.09 (0.87 to 1.38) |
0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) |
0.97 (0.73 to 1.29) |
1.24 (0.94 to 1.63) |
1.37 (1.03 to 1.81) |
0.97 (0.79 to 1.18) |
1.17 (0.95 to 1.45) |
| Groin | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.34) |
1.04 (0.72 to 1.49) |
0.72 (0.47 to 1.10) |
0.80 (0.52 to 1.23) |
0.98 (0.65 to 1.46) |
1.05 (0.69 to 1.59) |
1.08 (0.69 to 1.71) |
1.20 (0.75 to 1.91) |
1.31 (0.83 to 2.10) |
1.40 (0.87 to 2.27) |
1.28 (0.92 to 1.79) |
1.40 (0.99 to 1.99) |
| Thigh | 0.99 (0.75 to 1.31) |
1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) |
0.87 (0.63 to 1.19) |
0.99 (0.71 to 1.38) |
1.24 (0.92 to 1.68) |
1.41 (1.03 to 1.92) |
1.39 (0.99 to 1.95) |
1.59 (1.13 to 2.25) |
1.60 (1.13 to 2.27) |
1.82 (1.28 to 2.61) |
1.37 (1.05 to 1.78) |
1.51 (1.15 to 1.99) |
| Knee | 1.02 (0.88 to 1.19) |
1.08 (0.92 to 1.25) |
1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) |
1.10 (0.93 to 1.30) |
1.17 (0.99 to 1.37) |
1.25 (1.06 to 1.50) |
1.12 (0.93 to 1.36) |
1.22 (1.01 to 1.49) |
1.43 (1.18 to 1.75) |
1.55 (1.27 to 1.90) |
1.16 (1.00 to 1.34) |
1.30 (1.12 to 1.51) |
| Lower leg | 0.77 (0.59 to 1.00) |
0.93 (0.71 to 1.21) |
0.82 (0.62 to 1.07) |
1.04 (0.78 to 1.39) |
1.02 (0.77 to 1.34) |
1.31 (0.98 to 1.73) |
1.14 (0.83 to 1.55) |
1.43 (1.04 to 1.97) |
0.95 (0.66 to 1.36) |
1.22 (0.85 to 1.77) |
1.03 (0.81 to 1.31) |
1.34 (1.04 to 1.73) |
| Ankle/Achilles | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.36) |
1.14 (0.90 to 1.43) |
1.19 (0.93 to 1.52) |
1.24 (0.96 to 1.59) |
1.42 (1.12 to 1.81) |
1.47 (1.14 to 1.88) |
1.48 (1.12 to 1.94) |
1.55 (1.17 to 2.06) |
1.70 (1.28 to 2.26) |
1.79 (1.34 to 2.40) |
1.69 (1.37 to 2.08) |
1.85 (1.49 to 2.31) |
| Foot/Toes | 1.22 (0.99 to 1.52) |
1.28 (1.02 to 1.60) |
1.12 (0.88 to 1.42) |
1.25 (0.98 to 1.61) |
1.08 (0.84 to 1.38) |
1.24 (0.96 to 1.60) |
1.10 (0.82 to 1.47) |
1.26 (0.93 to 1.71) |
1.23 (0.91 to 1.67) |
1.50 (1.10 to 2.05) |
1.17 (0.94 to 1.45) |
1.53 (1.22 to 1.92) |
A group of participants who did not meet the WHO recommendations of PA (ie, PA less than 150 min per week) was set as the reference group. The model was adjusted for sex, age, employment status and depression risk. The numbers in bold denote significant results, and the CI that starts or ends with 1.0 derives from rounding the decimals.
MSK pain, musculoskeletal pain; PA, physical activity.;