MSCs transplantation suppressed macrophage and myofibroblast accumulation in clipped kidneys. Representative micrographs of left kidney sections immunolabeled with anti-CD68 (A–F) and anti-α-SMA (H–M) to identify macrophages and myofibroblasts, respectively. Sham-left kidney displayed no macrophage staining (A, B) and some α-SMA-positive areas within smooth-muscle arterioles (G, H). Clipped kidneys from the 2K1C group showed an intense staining for both cell types throughout the cortex parenchyma and the tubulointerstitial area (C, D, I, J). 2K1C + MSCs group displayed less renal areas stained for macrophages (E, F) and myofibroblasts (K, L) than 2K1C group. Scale bars: 15 μm. Black arrows indicate stained areas. (M, N) Semi-quantitative analysis of the CD68 and α-SMA expression. Values are represented as means ± SE (n = 6). (M) ANOVA test resulted in p = 0.0018. Post-test results: ∗p < 0.001 vs Sham; #p < 0.0001 vs 2K1C. (N) ANOVA test resulted in p = 0.004. Post-test results: ∗p < 0.001 vs Sham; #p < 0.05 vs 2K1C. 2K1C = Two Kidney-One Clip; MSCs = Mesenchymal Stem Cells.