Table 2.
Associations of HDP or GDM with total and domain-specific menopausal symptoms among 676 peri- and postmenopausal women a
| Model 1 | Model 2 β (95% CI) |
Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime history of HDP (no history of HDP [ref]) | |||
| Total MRS score | 0.44 (−0.70 to 1.59) | 0.32 (−0.83 to 1.46) | 0.13 (−1.02 to 1.27) |
| Somatic | 0.24 (−0.25 to 0.73) | 0.19 (−0.30 to 0.67) | 0.10 (−0.39 to 0.58) |
| Psychological | −0.05 (−0.59 to 0.48) | −0.10 (−0.64 to 0.43) | −0.18 (−0.71 to 0.36) |
| Urogenital | 0.26 (−0.13 to 0.64) | 0.23 (−0.16 to 0.62) | 0.20 (−0.19 to 0.60) |
| Lifetime history of GDM (no history of GDM [ref]) | |||
| Total MRS score | 0.95 (−0.77 to 2.68) | 0.90 (−0.83 to 2.63) | 0.50 (−1.24 to 2.25) |
| Somatic | 0.57 (−0.17 to 1.31) | 0.54 (−0.20 to 1.28) | 0.35 (−0.39 to 1.09) |
| Psychological | 0.34 (−0.47 to 1.14) | 0.32 (−0.49 to 1.13) | 0.18 (−0.64 to 0.99) |
| Urogenital | 0.05 (−0.54 to 0.63) | 0.04 (−0.55 to 0.63) | −0.03 (−0.62 to 0.57) |
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; MRS, menopause rating scale.
a
Estimates obtained from linear regression models.
Model 1: maternal age at enrollment (18-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-45 years), race/ethnicity (white, black, other).
Model 2: model 1 + college education (yes, no), married/cohabiting (yes, no), annual household income>$70,000 (yes, no), parity at enrollment (nulliparous: yes, no), age at menarche (<12 years, 12-15 years, ≥15 years).
Model 3: model 2 + BMI at midlife (kg/m2).