Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants.
| Characteristic | Participants, No./total No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 80) | TM group (n = 41) | Control group (n = 39) | |
| Age, y | |||
| Mean (SD) | 40 (11) | 39 (12) | 41 (9) |
| Median (IQR) [range] | 41 (31-46) [22-65] | 39 (30-46) [22-65] | 42 (36-46) [23-56] |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 66/80 (82.5) | 34/41 (82.9) | 32/39 (82.1) |
| Male | 14/80 (17.5) | 7/41 (17.1) | 7/39 (17.9) |
| Self-identified race | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1/80 (1.3) | 0 | 1/39 (2.6) |
| Asian | 5/80 (6.3) | 3/41 (7.3) | 2/39 (5.1) |
| Black or African American | 12/80 (15.0) | 8/41 (19.5) | 4/39 (10.3) |
| White | 59/80 (73.8) | 28/41 (68.3) | 31/39 (79.5) |
| Unknown or not reported | 3/80 (3.8) | 2/41 (4.9) | 1/39 (2.6) |
| Self-identified ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 4/80 (5.0) | 2/41 (4.9) | 2/39 (5.1) |
| Non-Hispanic | 76/80 (95.0) | 39/41 (95.1) | 37/39 (94.9) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 31/80 (38.8) | 19/41 (46.3) | 12/39 (30.8) |
| Married | 40/80 (50.0) | 18/41 (43.9) | 22/39 (56.4) |
| Partner | 2/80 (2.5) | 2/41 (4.9) | 0 |
| Separated | 1/80 (1.3) | 1/41 (2.4) | 0 |
| Divorced | 5/80 (6.3) | 1/41 (2.4) | 4/39 (10.3) |
| Widowed | 1/80 (1.3) | 0 | 1/39 (2.6) |
| No. of members in household | |||
| 1 | 11/80 (13.8) | 6/41 (14.6) | 5/39 (12.8) |
| 2 | 27/80 (33.8) | 14/41 (34.1) | 13/39 (33.3) |
| 3 | 17/80 (21.3) | 10/41 (24.4) | 7/39 (17.9) |
| 4 | 18/80 (22.5) | 7/41 (17.1) | 11/39 (28.2) |
| 5 | 6/80 (7.5) | 3/41 (7.3) | 3/39 (7.7) |
| 6 | 1/80 (1.3) | 1/41 (2.4) | 0 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 62/80 (77.5) | 33/41 (80.5) | 29/39 (74.4) |
| Past | 16/80 (20.0) | 8/41 (19.5) | 8/39 (20.5) |
| Current | 2/80 (2.5) | 0 | 2/39 (5.1) |
| Current use of electronic cigarettes | 2/80 (2.5) | 0 | 2/39 (5.1) |
| Any current or past problem with alcohol | 3/80 (3.8) | 1/41 (2.4) | 2/39 (5.1) |
| Current or past illicit or recreational drug use | 8/80 (10.0) | 5/41 (12.2) | 3/39 (7.7) |
| Ever visited a psychiatrist or mental health worker | |||
| No | 24/80 (30.0) | 13/41 (31.7) | 11/39 (28.2) |
| Yes | 56/80 (70.0) | 28/41 (68.3) | 28/39 (71.8) |
| Among those who ever visited a psychiatrist or mental health worker | |||
| Condition | |||
| Any anxiety | 26/56 (46.4) | 13/28 (46.4) | 13/28 (46.4) |
| Any trauma or PTSD | 2/56 (3.6) | 0 | 2/28 (7.1) |
| Any depression | 26/56 (46.4) | 13/28 (46.4) | 13/28 (46.4) |
| Any ADD or ADHD | 4/56 (7.1) | 3/28 (10.7) | 1/28 (3.6) |
| Other conditions or none of the above | 14/56 (25.0) | 5/28 (17.9) | 9/28 (32.1) |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Anxiety | 17/56 (30.4) | 11/28 (39.3) | 6/28 (21.4) |
| Trauma or PTSD | 2/56 (3.6) | 0 | 2/28 (7.1) |
| Depression | 17/56 (30.4) | 7/28 (25.0) | 10/28 (35.7) |
| ADD or ADHD | 4/56 (7.1) | 3/28 (10.7) | 1/28 (3.6) |
| Other conditions or none of the above | 3/56 (5.4) | 2/28 (7.1) | 1/28 (3.6) |
| No diagnosis or unknown diagnosis | 26/56 (46.4) | 11/28 (39.3) | 15/28 (53.6) |
| Treatment | |||
| Medication | 22/56 (39.3) | 11/28 (39.3) | 11/28 (39.3) |
| Therapy or counseling | 18/56 (32.1) | 7/28 (25.0) | 11/28 (39.3) |
| Medication and therapy or counseling | 7/56 (12.5) | 4/28 (14.3) | 3/28 (10.7) |
| Not treated | 2/56 (3.6) | 2/28 (7.1) | 0 |
| Resolved | 17/56 (30.4) | 8/28 (28.6) | 9/28 (32.1) |
| Onset of condition | |||
| 2020-2021 | 5/56 (8.9) | 2/28 (7.1) | 3/28 (10.7) |
| Before 2020 | 51/56 (91.1) | 26/28 (92.9) | 25/28 (89.3) |
Abbreviations: ADD, attention-deficit disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; TM, Transcendental Meditation.