Table 5. PERMANOVA pairwise comparisons of multi-trait space of compared species within clade 4.

Pairs	F. Model	R2	P-value	P-adjusted	Sig
Sig: Significance levels. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001 (50 000 permutations). jin: H. jinpingensis; ngwel: H. ngwelwini; tony: H. tonywhitteni; mon: H. montawaensis.
simao – jin	13.3	0.174	<0.001	<0.001	***
simao – ngwel	20.5	0.406	<0.001	<0.001	***
simao – tony	28.3	0.531	<0.001	<0.001	***
simao – mon	19.7	0.451	<0.001	<0.001	***
jin – ngwel	26.0	0.338	<0.001	<0.001	***
jin – tony	31.2	0.404	<0.001	<0.001	***
jin – mon	21.4	0.322	<0.001	<0.001	***
ngwel – tony	12.5	0.491	<0.001	0.001	**
ngwel – mon	10.0	0.454	0.001	0.001	**
tony – mon	2.8	0.288	0.024	0.024	*