Table 2.

Data extraction from original articles in the pre-clinical setting.

Citation	Sample size	LOI	Pressure measure method	Functional recovery assessment	Key outcome measures
Griffiths et al. (1979) J Neurosurg Spine	12	L2	ISP	Yes	SCPP, SCBF, vascular resistance, SEPs
	Key findings: Hypotension alone did not influence SCBF or SEPs. Compression combined with hypotension reduced both SCBF and evoked potentials. With compression, SCBF was maintained until a SCPP of ∼<70 mmHg. In the setting of cord compression, the cord will become ischemic once the autoregulatory limit is passed.
Horn et al. (2008) Neurosurg Focus	16	T9	ITP	Yes	ITP, MAP, SCBF, MEPs, CSF drainage, motor exams
	Key findings: CSF can be drained via lumbar intrathecal catheter to reduce ITP in rabbits. CSF drainage reduced the area of tissue damage at the injury site but was not associated with functional recovery.
Batchelor et al. (2011) J Neurotrauma	15 (12 SCI, 3 control)	T7	ISP	Yes	ISP, MAP, core temperature, behavioural assessment, histology
	Key findings: Following SCI in a rodent model, ISP rapidly rises with progressive canal occlusion and is associated with neurological deterioration. Hypothermia rapidly reduces ISP and may be useful to aid decompression prior to surgery.
Leonard et al. (2013) J Neurotrauma	88	T10	ISP	Yes	ISP, histology, functional assessment, edema measurement
	Key findings: Substance P mediates neurogenic inflammation and associated increased edema and ITP. Data implicate the aquaporin 4 water channel in development of edema in SCI. These may be potential therapeutic targets for future studies to limit inflammation and edema.
Soubeyrand et al. (2013) Eur Spine J	27 (17 SCI, 10 control)	T10	ITP	No	ITP, MAP, SCBF
	Key findings: SCI reduced SCBF and elevated ITP for up to 60 min following injury. The rodent model allows ITP and SCBF measurements following experimental SCI.
Martirosyan et al. (2015) Neurosurg	15 (12 SCI, 3 control)	T5	ITP	No	ITP, MAP, CSF drainage, SCBF
	Key findings: MAP elevation combined with CSF drainage increased SCBP 24%. MAP elevation or CSF drainage alone, did not.
Leonard et al. (2015) J Neurotrauma	66	T10	ISP	No	ISP, histology, edema measurement
	Key findings: Elevated ISP (and reduced SCPP) is associated with both increases in hemorrhage and edema at varying time points. The initial rise in ISP was associated with hemorrhage while the later increase was due to increases tissue water content.
Khaing et al. (2017) J Neurotrauma	36	T7	ISP	No	ISP, MAP, SCPP
	Key findings: ISP increases threefold in first 30 min following injury and remains elevated for up to seven days. In the first 24 h following SCI dural and pial linings contribute equally to the rise in ISP whereas after 72 h the dural lining is primarily responsible.

Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid pressure; L, lumbar spinal level; LOI, level of injury; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MEP, motor evoked potential; ISP, intraspinal pressure; ITP, intrathecal pressure; SCBF, spinal cord blood flow; SCI, spinal cord injury; SCPP, spinal cord perfusion pressure; SEP, sensory evoked potential; T, thoracic spinal level.