TABLE 4.
Lipoprotein variables by NMR before and after 12-wk avocado or control intervention in adults who are overweight or with obesity and have insulin resistance1
| NMR analysis (variable) | Avocado (n = 49) | Control (n = 44) | Week 12 AV vs. C, P value2 | Δ0–12 wk AV vs. C, P value2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 12 | Δ0–12 wk | Week 0 | Week 12 | Δ0–12 wk | |||
| Chylomicron/VLDL particle concentration, nmol/L | ||||||||
| Total | 44.2 ± 2.73 | 40.7 ± 2.36 | –3.90 ± 2.20 | 43.2 ± 2.13 | 42.3 ± 2.13 | –0.928 ± 1.53 | 0.1732 | 0.3124 |
| Large | 4.25 ± 0.459 | 4.38 ± 0.464 | 0.148 ± 0.299 | 4.06 ± 0.429 | 3.75 ± 0.356 | –0.307 ± 0.335 | 0.7244 | 0.2090 |
| Medium | 12.8 ± 1.23 | 11.7 ± 0.978 | –1.16 ± 0.998 | 12.2 ± 1.28 | 11.0 ± 0.989 | –1.17 ± 1.25 | 0.4203 | 0.9906 |
| Small | 27.2 ± 2.15 | 24.7 ± 1.72 | –2.90 ± 1.86 | 26.9 ± 1.50 | 27.5 ± 1.50 | 0.553 ± 1.48 | 0.0638 | 0.0797 |
| LDL particle concentration, nmol/L | ||||||||
| Total | 977 ± 42.3 | 968 ± 40.9 | –1.31 ± 19.0 | 960 ± 36.8 | 1000 ± 40.0 | 43.5 ± 23.3 | 0.0694 | 0.0897 |
| IDL | 250 ± 21.0 | 230 ± 16.9 | –22.6 ± 18.0 | 257 ± 25.3 | 231 ± 17.1 | –26.0 ± 20.3 | 0.9624 | 0.9498 |
| LDL, large | 108 ± 19.1 | 139 ± 21.4 | 30.1 ± 14.3 | 127 ± 22.2 | 156 ± 21.7 | 29.6 ± 23.7 | 0.7288 | 0.8088 |
| LDL, small | 619 ± 41.6 | 599 ± 40.0 | –8.81 ± 25.9 | 577 ± 40.8 | 617 ± 41.1 | 39.8 ± 26.1 | 0.3468 | 0.1594 |
| HDL particle concentration, nmol/L | ||||||||
| Total | 32.6 ± 0.967 | 33.1 ± 0.943 | 0.408 ± 0.559 | 31.4 ± 0.698 | 31.6 ± 0.755 | 0.198 ± 0.459 | 0.8029 | 0.5320 |
| Large | 6.73 ± 0.497 | 6.93 ± 0.510 | 0.177 ± 0.228 | 6.57 ± 0.479 | 6.64 ± 0.525 | 0.0698 ± 0.204 | 0.6158 | 0.7061 |
| Medium | 10.9 ± 0.877 | 11.5 ± 0.876 | 0.442 ± 0.789 | 11.6 ± 0.749 | 11.9 ± 0.817 | 0.356 ± 0.650 | 0.4866 | 0.9114 |
| Small | 14.9 ± 0.867 | 14.6 ± 0.951 | –0.210 ± 0.707 | 13.2 ± 0.886 | 13.0 ± 0.977 | –0.242 ± 0.739 | 0.4147 | 0.6770 |
| Average particle size, mm | ||||||||
| VLDL | 51.9 ± 0.958 | 52.4 ± 1.02 | 0.627 ± 0.796 | 50.9 ± 0.930 | 50.8 ± 0.889 | –0.177 ± 0.731 | 0.3726 | 0.2979 |
| LDL | 20.2 ± 0.075 | 20.3 ± 0.0887 | 0.154 ± 0.0752 | 20.2 ± 0.0826 | 20.3 ± 0.0892 | 0.0833 ± 0.0739 | 0.8590 | 0.6212 |
| HDL | 9.48 ± 0.0661 | 9.46 ± 0.0672 | <–0.00 ± 0.0333 | 9.47 ± 0.0757 | 9.45 ± 0.0706 | –0.0186 ± 0.0360 | 0.7563 | 0.7553 |
1
Values are the unadjusted mean ± SEM of the raw data; n = 49 and 44 for the AV and C groups, respectively. AV, avocado; C, control; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; GLM, general linear model.
2
ANCOVA was performed using GLM procedure via PC-SAS version 9.4 and baseline values as the covariate. Age was also included in total LDL and small LDL analyses as a significant covariate. Statistical significance was at P < 0.05. Marginal statistical effects were acknowledged at P = 0.05–0.1.