Figure 2. Risk Ratios (RRs) Comparing Adequacy of Prenatal Care by State Prenatal Substance Use Policies.

^aAmong 4155 births to women who reported substance use during pregnancy.

^bRR, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.91).

^cRR, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.01).

^dRR, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-1.03).

^eAdjusted for maternal age, education, race and ethnicity, per capita household income, pregnancy intention, mental health prior to pregnancy, and experiences of violence prior to pregnancy and for state-level Presumptive Eligibility for Medicaid, Expanded Family Planning under Medicaid, Medicaid expansion, priority access to substance use disorder treatment for pregnant people, targeted substance use disorder treatment programs for pregnant people, medical marijuana legalization, and number of obstetricians/gynecologists per 100 000 female population.