Table. Characteristics of Women Reporting Prenatal Substance Use by State Prenatal Substance Use Policies for 4155 Birthsa.
| Characteristic | Child abuse policy only (n = 987 births) | Mandated reporting policy only (n = 610 births) | Both policies (n = 1276 births) | Neither policy (n = 1282 births) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18-24 | 298 | 32.2 (28.1-36.4) | 166 | 31.6 (24.3-38.9) | 407 | 31.0 (26.7-35.4) | 408 | 35.9 (31.6-40.2) |
| 25-29 | 331 | 34.3 (30.2-38.4) | 213 | 36.2 (28.9-43.5) | 436 | 31.9 (27.4-36.4) | 407 | 30.9 (26.9-35.0) |
| 30-34 | 243 | 23.0 (19.5-26.6) | 143 | 16.7 (12.0-21.4) | 289 | 23.4 (19.4-27.3) | 298 | 22.4 (18.8-26.1) |
| ≥35 | 115 | 10.5 (7.9-13.0) | 88 | 15.5 (9.9-21.1) | 144 | 13.7 (10.3-17.2) | 169 | 10.7 (8.2-13.3) |
| Education | ||||||||
| <High school | 172 | 17.8 (14.3-21.3) | 92 | 20.4 (13.3-27.5) | 208 | 13.7 (10.5-16.9) | 184 | 14.0 (10.9-17.2) |
| High school diploma or GED | 335 | 38.7 (34.4-42.9) | 204 | 32.6 (25.7-39.4) | 442 | 36.7 (31.9-41.4) | 476 | 37.8 (33.5-42.1) |
| Some college or more | 475 | 43.5 (37.1-50.0) | 305 | 47.1 (35.8-58.3) | 607 | 49.6 (41.6-57.7) | 613 | 48.2 (41.1-55.3) |
| Per capita household income (quartiles) | ||||||||
| <$4000 | 223 | 21.6 (18.0-25.2) | 98 | 15.3 (9.4-21.2) | 248 | 16.1 (12.4-19.7) | 240 | 21.7 (17.9-25.5) |
| $4000 to <$8000 | 218 | 23.1 (19.3-26.8) | 163 | 31.9 (24.6-39.3) | 319 | 24.0 (20.0-28.0) | 316 | 26.6 (22.5-30.7) |
| $8000 to <$15 000 | 244 | 28.5 (24.5-32.5) | 150 | 26.4 (19.5-33.3) | 345 | 30.1 (25.6-34.6) | 319 | 25.2 (21.3-29.1) |
| ≥$15 000 | 235 | 26.8 (23.0-30.7) | 180 | 26.4 (20.6-32.2) | 277 | 29.9 (25.3-34.4) | 328 | 26.5 (22.5-30.4) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 192 | 19.6 (16.3-22.9) | 115 | 16.3 (11.0-21.5) | 401 | 15.0 (13.1-17.0) | 80 | 5.9 (3.9-8.0) |
| Hispanic | 71 | 6.9 (5.0-8.8) | 44 | 6.6 (2.6-10.5) | 131 | 7.4 (5.8-9.1) | 78 | 5.9 (3.7-8.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 500 | 64.5 (60.6-68.3) | 259 | 68.5 (62.5-74.5) | 346 | 65.6 (63.1-68.2) | 929 | 80.7 (77.4-84.0) |
| Other or multiple raceb | 222 | 9.0 (7.0-11.1) | 185 | 8.7 (6.5-10.9) | 385 | 11.9 (10.5-13.3) | 188 | 7.5 (5.5-9.5) |
| Pregnancy intention | ||||||||
| Not intended | 606 | 63.1 (58.9-67.3) | 351 | 59.3 (52.3-66.4) | 745 | 54.0 (49.2-58.9) | 719 | 56.6 (52.2-61.0) |
| Intended | 357 | 36.9 (32.7-41.1) | 245 | 40.7 (33.6-47.7) | 512 | 46.0 (41.1-50.8) | 545 | 43.4 (39.0-47.8) |
| Felt down or depressed before pregnancy | ||||||||
| No | 632 | 65.4 (61.3-69.5) | 376 | 61.0 (53.5-68.5) | 847 | 64.1 (59.3-68.9) | 764 | 62.3 (58.0-66.6) |
| Yes | 348 | 34.6 (30.5-38.7) | 229 | 39.0 (31.5-46.5) | 417 | 35.9 (31.1-40.7) | 514 | 37.7 (33.4-42.0) |
| Experienced violence before pregnancy | ||||||||
| No | 819 | 83.5 (80.2-86.8) | 522 | 84.3 (78.3-90.4) | 1097 | 89 (86.4-91.6) | 1111 | 87.3 (84.2-90.3) |
| Yes | 165 | 16.5 (13.2-19.8) | 86 | 15.7 (9.6-21.7) | 176 | 11.0 (8.4-13.6) | 157 | 12.7 (9.7-15.8) |
| Month of prenatal care initiation, mean (95% CI) | 3.3 | 3.1-3.5 | 3.1 | 2.8-3.5 | 2.9 | 2.8-3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7-3.0 |
| Adequacy of prenatal care | ||||||||
| Not adequate | 336 | 35.9 (31.6-40.2) | 202 | 33.6 (26.3-40.9) | 385 | 24.9 (20.8-29.0) | 319 | 25.0 (21.2-28.8) |
| Adequate | 594 | 64.1 (59.8-68.4) | 376 | 66.4 (59.1-73.7) | 827 | 75.1 (71.0-79.2) | 955 | 75.0 (71.2-78.8) |
| Postpartum health care visit | ||||||||
| No | 216 | 21.0 (17.5-24.6) | 112 | 19.2 (12.8-25.6) | 245 | 14.5 (11.3-17.6) | 213 | 16.4 (13.1-19.7) |
| Yes | 765 | 79.0 (75.4-82.5) | 495 | 80.8 (74.4-87.2) | 1027 | 85.5 (82.4-88.7) | 1060 | 83.6 (80.3-86.9) |
Abbreviation: GED, General Educational Development.
a
All numbers are weighted and all percentages and means are weighted to account for the complex sampling design of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey.
b
Includes women who self-reported multiple races and women who self-reported their race as Alaska Native, American Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, other Asian, race other than White, or mixed race.