Table 1.
Summary of membrane-wrapped NPs developed for NA delivery to cancer
| Core material | Membrane coating | Nucleic acid cargo | Disease model studied | Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) | Zeta potential (mV) | Notable results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| PLGA | Human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) | siRNA (siPD-L1) | Human cervical cancer (HeLa) in vitro | 110 | Not reported | Western Blot results indicating gene silencing | 31 |
| Iron oxide coated with polydopamine (Fe3O4@PDA) | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) | siRNA (siPLK1) | Human prostate cancer (DU145) in vitro and in xenograft mouse models | 109 | −30.3 ± 1.3 | Reduced tumor volume by ~60% | 36 |
| Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) porous metal–organic framework (MOF) | Platelets | siRNA (siSurvivin) | Human breast cancer (SK-BR-3) in vitro and in subcutaneous tumors in mice | 175 | ~−35 | Extended median survival 1.4× | 41 |
| Lipoic acid | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and C4-2B) | siRNA (siSREBP) | Human prostate cancer (PC-3) in vitro and tumors implanted in long axis of shinbone of mice | 92.7 | −22.0 | ~70% reduction in target mRNA expression of treated tumors | 46 |
| PEI/pDNA | Glioblastoma cells (C6) | Plasmid DNA encoding the suicide gene HSVtk | Rat glioblastoma (C6) intracranial tumors | 120 | −32 | Decreased tumor size by 50% when administered intratumorally | 55 |
| PEI/pDNA | Human liver carcinoma epithelial cells (HepG2), human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (293T), and human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) | Plasmid DNA encoding EGFP | Human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2), human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (293T), and Human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro | 220–225a | −8 to 15a | Increased transfection efficiency by 9.3% | 54 |
| PEI/pDNA | MSCs | Plasmid DNA encoding PEX | Prostate cancer cells (PC3) in vitro and mice with subcutaneous PC3 tumors | 204 ± 17 | −16 ± 2 | 76% inhibition in tumor growth | 35 |
| PLGA | Mouse melanoma cells (B16-F10) | CpG-1826 | Mouse melanoma (B16-F10) in vitro and in vivo | ~150 | ~−30 | 86% of vaccinated mice did not develop tumors when treated prior to cell inoculation | 60 |
| PLGA | Mouse acute myeloid leukemia cells (C1498) | CpG-1826 | Acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo | ~165 | ~−40 | Increased median survival in a postremission vaccination and re-challenge model | 61 |
| PLGA | Mouse ovarian cancer cells (ID8) and dendritic cells | CpG-1826 | Ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo | ~70 | ~−30 | Fused cell membrane NPs decreased growth of subcutaneous, PDX, and metastatic tumors in mice with greater efficacy than singular membrane-coated NPs | 62 |
a
Depending on the size and charge of PEI/DNA core.