Antisense
sequestration of gRNA increases the dynamic range of
a 1× inverter. (A) A control and variants of the 1× inverter
with gRNA sequestration designed to have the same compositional context.
The additional “Dud” node upstream of the first node
in each depicted circuit that constitutively expresses nontargeted
asRNA has been omitted for simplicity. (B) During stationary expression,
the absolute dynamic range of the basic 1× inverter (orange)
is greatly limited by circuit leak, which reduces GFP output with
respect to the expected maximum (dotted green) when the aTc concentration
is low. Antisense sequestration of the gRNA via S10
(light blue) acts to suppress CRISPRi-based repression, expanding
the dynamic range of the circuit. However, this comes at the cost
of suboptimally higher expression at high induction, as is evident
in log space. The addition of the feedback mechanism (red) suppresses
production of the asRNA when gRNA production is high, maintaining
a high dynamic range while nullifying the unwanted impacts of sequestration
at high aTc concentrations. In linear space, the displayed error bars
are ±1 standard deviation from threefold biological replicates.
Performance is shown relative to the performance of a GFP control
with the same compositional context arrangement of nodes (dashed green
line) and the basic 1× inverter (orange). For these and all subsequent
experiments, dCas12a and tetR are expressed constitutively in the
genome. (C) The same constructs, this time under the addition and
subtraction of aTc in a microfluidic chamber. The presence of antisense
sequestration (light blue) speeds circuit response under aTc removal
(derepression by the dCas protein; t1/2 indicated with a red caret) at the cost of some speed in repression
(Table 1). Use of the
dCas regulatory feedback restores the speed of repression while maintaining
improved speed of derepression. Traces show median intensities of
single cells across all microfluidic channels. Shaded regions indicate
±1 quartile. t1/2 was calculated
using a spline fit to the microfluidic data (Figures S8 and S9).