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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 20.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2021 Dec 8;122(10):10036–10086. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00669

Figure 16. Cell wall architecture of three major types of algae.

Figure 16.

On the top of each panel, structural models were proposed for the cell walls of (A) green, (B) red, and (C) brown algae455,456. At the bottom of each panel, 13C NMR spectra (right) and SEM/TEM images (left) were shown for (A) Ulva armoricana457, (B) Sargassum sp.458, and (C) Chondria macropcarpa459. Panel A is adapted with permission from references455,460. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society and copyright 2020 Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. Panel B is adapted with permission from references458,461. Copyright 1997 Canadian Science Publishing and copyright 2015 Springer Nature. Panel C is adapted with permission from references456,459,462. Copyright 2010 John Wiley and Sons and Copyright 2005 WALTER/DE GRUYTER GMBH & CO. KG and 2015 Springer Nature.