Table 2. Comparison of bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) after lung transplantation and after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
| BOS after lung transplantation | BOS after allogeneic HSCT | |
| Risk factors | ||
| Immunology | HLA mismatch | GVH disease |
| Cytomegalovirus infection | Yes | Not established |
| Community-acquired viral infections | Suspected | Suspected |
| GORD | Yes | Not established |
| Prevalence | 9% at 1 year 38% at 5 years 58% at 10 years |
5.5%; 14% in patients with GVH disease |
| Clinical presentation | ||
| Heterogeneous | Yes, two phenotypes | Yes |
| Pathology | Heterogeneous | Heterogeneous |
| Treatment | ||
| Immunosuppression | Optimisation No increase |
Optimisation No increase |
| Azithromycin | In subjects with alveolar neutrophilia | Not established |
| Surgical treatment of GORD | Yes | Not established |
| Lung (re)tranplantation | In selected patients | In selected patients |
GORD: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; GVH: graft-versus-host.