Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of baseline variables for predicting 90-day mortality following endobiliary stent placement in the derivation cohort.
| Univariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Regression coefficient | Standard error | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Intrahepatic biliary obstruction | 1.478 | 0.661 | 4.39 (1.20–16.0) | 0.025 |
| Peritoneal carcinomatosis | 0.886 | 0.349 | 2.43 (1.22–4.81) | 0.011 |
| Liver metastasis | 0.666 | 0.232 | 1.95 (1.24–3.07) | 0.004 |
| Distant metastasis | 0.802 | 0.229 | 2.23 (1.42–3.49) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-endoscopic serum albumin level | -0.964 | 0.198 | 0.38 (0.26–0.57) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-endoscopic total bilirubin level | 0.041 | 0.012 | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 0.001 |
| Pre-endoscopic INR level | 0.441 | 0.206 | 1.55 (1.04–2.33) | 0.032 |
| Pre-endoscopic ALP (times above ULN) | 0.046 | 0.035 | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.183 |
| Endobiliary drainage with metallic stent | 0.593 | 0.232 | 1.81 (1.15–2.85) | 0.011 |
| Size of obstructive tumor | 0.127 | 0.047 | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) | 0.007 |
| Stage of pancreatobiliary cancer | 1.102 | 0.440 | 3.01 (1.27-7.13) | 0.012 |
| Bilirubin improvement after stenting* | -0.725 | 0.243 | 0.48 (0.30-0.78) | 0.003 |
| Received chemotherapy after ERCP | -2.299 | 0.486 | 0.10 (0.04-0.26) | <0.001 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||||
| Characteristics | Regression coefficient | Standard error | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Model 1† | ||||
| Intrahepatic biliary obstruction | 1.739 | 0.762 | 5.69 (1.28–25.4) | 0.023 |
| Pre-endoscopic serum albumin level | -0.729 | 0.217 | 0.48 (0.32–0.74) | 0.001 |
| Stage IV pancreatobiliary cancer | 1.103 | 0.261 | 3.01 (1.81–5.02) | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin improvement after stenting* | -0.569 | 0.272 | 0.57 (0.33–0.97) | 0.036 |
| Received chemotherapy after ERCP | -2.183 | 0.517 | 0.11 (0.04-0.31) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 ‡ | ||||
| Intrahepatic biliary obstruction | 1.567 | 0.771 | 4.79 (1.06–21.74) | 0.042 |
| Pre-endoscopic serum albumin level | -0.702 | 0.225 | 0.50 (0.32–0.77) | 0.002 |
| Stage IV pancreatobiliary cancer | 1.004 | 0.265 | 2.73 (1.62–4.59) | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin improvement after stenting* | -0.580 | 0.274 | 0.56 (0.34-0.96) | 0.034 |
| Received chemotherapy after ERCP | -2.218 | 0.529 | 0.11 (0.04–0.31) | <0.001 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval; INR, international normalized ratio; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; OR, odds ratio; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
† Model 1 included baseline factors that were significant in the univariate analysis; ‡Model 2 included the factors from Model 1 plus the calendar year of the endobiliary intervention.
*Defined by total bilirubin improvement of more than 50% from baseline within 2 weeks after ERCP-guided endobiliary stent placement.