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. 2014 Jun;23(132):180–192. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00005113

Table 3. Pesticide exposure and wheeze in adults.

First author [ref.] Wheeze definition Exposure metric Co-exposures OR (95% CI)
Boers [16] Self-reported wheeze Job history of exposure to pesticides (yes/no) Agricultural environment (for some subjects) 0.56 (0.32–0.98)
Urinary markers 0.99 (0.87–1.13)
Chakraborty [17] Self-reported wheeze ≥50 cholinesterase inhibition Agricultural environment 2.9 (2.1–4.2)
Nriagu [19] Self-reported “having a wheezy chest” Use of insecticides in the home Unknown 2.52 (1.19–5.34)
Schenker [20] Self-reported persistent wheeze Paraquat exposure using a cumulative paraquat exposure index Agricultural environment (banana, coffee and palm oil) 1.1 (0.7–1.6)
Sprince [30] Self-reported “ever being wheezy” Self-reports of applying pesticides to livestock Agricultural environment 3.92 (1.76–8.72)
Zhang [21] Self-reported wheeze in last 12 months Self-reports of insecticide exposure Outdoor agricultural worker, biomass fuel burning 1.8 (1.2–2.6)
Hoppin [11] Self-reported wheeze in the last 12 months Self-reported questionnaire Agricultural environment No ORs were calculated for “any exposure to pesticides” compared to “no pesticide exposure”
Hoppin [12] Self-reported wheeze in the last 12 months Questionnaire of work practices and exposure Agricultural environment No ORs were calculated for “any exposure to pesticides” compared to “no pesticide exposure”
Hoppin [13] Self-reported wheeze in the last 12 months Self-reported questionnaire Agricultural environment No ORs were calculated for “any exposure to pesticides” compared to “no pesticide exposure”
Hoppin [10] Doctor-diagnosed asthma after age 20 years Metric of lifetime pesticide use Agricultural environment An OR for wheeze and pesticide exposure was not calculated
Huang [22] Lung function testing and symptom reporting Job title and air monitoring Unknown No ORs were calculated
Yemaneberhan [24] Self-reported asthma, wheezing or cough Self-reported exposure questionnaire Unknown The results of children and adults were not reported separately, no OR are included