Table 1.
Characteristics of articles include in current systematic analysis (n = 89)
| Characteristics | Frequency (%) | References |
|---|---|---|
| Species | ||
| C. albicans | 65 (73.03%) | (14, 26, 27, 37-42, 44, 47-54, 56-60, 67-108) |
| C. tropicalis | 47 (52.81%) | (14, 37-43, 47-49, 51, 52, 54, 57-60, 67-76, 93, 94, 97-102, 104, 107-117) |
| C. glabrata | 43 (48.31%) | (14, 17, 37-40, 42-44, 47-52, 56-59, 67-76, 96-102, 104-106, 108, 118-120) |
| C. parapsilosis | 37 (41.57%) | (5, 14, 37-41, 43, 48, 49, 51-58, 60, 71-76, 93-95, 97-102, 108, 118, 121) |
| C. krusei | 16 (17.98%) | (14, 38, 43, 44, 56, 59, 97, 99-101, 104-106, 108, 122, 123) |
| C. guilliermondii | 6 (6.74%) | (14, 97, 98, 108, 124, 125) |
| C. pelliculosa | 3 (3.37%) | (98, 102, 108) |
| C. lusitaniae | 3 (3.37%) | (14, 97, 108) |
| C. auris | 2 (2.25%) | (16, 24) |
| C. haemulonii | 1 (1.12%) | (126) |
| C. africana | 1 (1.12%) | (103) |
| Patient type | ||
| Inpatients | 35 (39.32%) | (16, 24, 26, 37-41, 47-54, 57-60, 68, 71, 72, 76, 89, 93, 102, 104, 105, 107, 111, 113, 115, 116, 118, 121) |
| Outpatients | 3 (3.37%) | (70, 80, 96) |
| Both | 12 (13.48%) | (14, 41, 55, 69, 94, 97, 98, 108, 110, 119, 120, 124) |
| NM | 39 (43.82%) | NA |
| Age group | ||
| Adult | 42 (47.19%) | (5, 24, 26, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 49, 51-54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 67, 69-72, 75, 78-80, 84, 85, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 100, 103, 106, 107, 115, 118-120, 124) |
| Adult/ Pediatrics | 18 (20.22%) | (14, 17, 38, 47, 48, 50, 55, 58, 76, 94, 97-99, 101, 102, 108, 110, 121) |
| Age group NM | 29 (32.58%) | NA |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 19 (21.34%) | (26, 44, 69, 70, 75, 77-80, 85, 89-91, 95, 96, 100, 103, 106) |
| Male/Female | 46 (51.68%) | (5, 14, 17, 24, 37-40, 42, 47-60, 67, 71, 72, 76, 87, 88, 93, 94, 97, 99, 102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 113, 115, 116, 118-121, 124) |
| NM | 24 (26.97%) | NA |
| Infection types | ||
| Invasive Candidiasis | 27 (30.33%) | (5, 14, 37, 41, 43, 47, 49, 50, 59, 60, 68, 73, 74, 94, 97-99, 102, 105, 108, 114, 115, 117, 120, 123-125) |
| Bloodstream infection | 15 (16.85%) | (17, 39, 40, 48, 51-55, 57, 58, 71, 72, 76, 93) |
| Vulvovaginal candidiasis | 20 (22.47%) | (26, 44, 69, 70, 75, 77-80, 83-85, 89-91, 95, 96, 100, 103, 106) |
| Oral candidiasis | 5 (5.61%) | (42, 56, 67, 104, 107) |
| Multiple infections | 8 (8.99%) | (16, 86, 87, 109-111, 116, 121) |
| UTI | 1 (1.12%) | (113) |
| Not Mentioned. | 13 (14.61%) | NA |
| Phenotypic identification methods | ||
| CHROMagar media | 41 (46.06%) | (26, 37, 42, 44, 47, 50, 55, 56, 59, 67-70, 72, 75-83, 85-88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101-103, 105, 106, 109, 111, 112, 123) |
| MALDI-TOF MS | 29 (32.58%) | (5, 16, 24, 38, 40, 43, 47, 48, 50, 57, 59, 67, 68, 80, 94, 97, 99, 102, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 120, 121, 123, 124, 126) |
| API 20C AUX | 21 (23.59%) | (26, 37, 41, 42, 55, 56, 70, 75, 77, 78, 83, 85, 87, 88, 95, 98-101, 105, 122) |
| VITEK 2 COMPACT | 17 (19.10%) | (39, 41, 51-54, 58, 60, 67, 69, 72, 73, 76, 82, 96, 99, 106) |
| BD BACTEC™ FX | 5 (5.61%) | (39, 40, 52, 53, 93) |
| VITEK MS system | 2 (2.24%) | (14, 16) |
| Microscopy | 2 (2.25%) | (85, 103) |
| DL-96A ID/AST | 2 (2.25%) | (71, 118) |
| yeast identification kit | 1 (1.12%) | (109) |
| ATB ID32C strips | 1 (1.12%) | (27) |
| Brilliance Candida agar | 1 (1.12%) | (41) |
| NM | 4 (4.49%) | NA |
| Molecular identification methods | ||
| ITS sequencings | 32 (35.95%) | (5, 14, 16, 24, 38, 41-43, 55, 67, 72-74, 79, 84, 85, 90, 92, 94, 97, 99, 102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 115, 120, 123-126) |
| D1/D2 analysis | 6 (6.74%) | (24, 37, 41, 73, 84, 110) |
| Molecular beacon assay | 1 (1.12%) | (96) |
| Susceptibility testing method | ||
| Broth microdilution | 35 (39.32%) | (14, 17, 26, 56, 60, 67, 72-74, 77, 79-83, 85, 86, 89-92, 97, 99-101, 106, 109, 112-116, 120, 122, 123) |
| ATB FUNGUS 3 kit | 24 (26.97%) | (27, 37, 39, 40, 47, 49-54, 57-59, 68-70, 78, 87, 88, 93, 96, 105, 119) |
| Sensititre Yeast-1 kit | 16 (17.98%) | (5, 16, 24, 38, 42, 43, 48, 94, 102, 110, 111, 117, 120, 121, 124, 126) |
| Agar Diffusion method | 12 (13.48%) | (41, 44, 75, 76, 95, 98, 103, 104, 107, 108, 110, 118) |
| ETEST method | 2 (2.25%) | (37, 55) |
| kit of Autobio | 1 (1.12%) | (71) |
| Neo-Sensitabs | 1 (1.12%) | (84) |
| Breakpoint reference guidelines | ||
| CLSI | 82 (92.13%) | (5, 14, 16, 17, 24, 26, 27, 37-43, 47-52, 55-57, 59, 60, 67-70, 72-75, 77-83, 85-126) |
| EUCAST | 3 (3.37%) | (40, 52, 93) |
| NM | 7 (7.86%) | NA |
Footnote: The sum of percentages is not equal to 100 because some studies stated more than one variable, and we counted each study separately with each variable.
NM= Not mentioned, NA= Not applicable, UTI= urinary tract infection, ITS=internal transcribed spacer, CLSI= clinical laboratory and standard institutes, EUCAST= European committee of antimicrobial sensitivity testing