TABLE 1.

Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

Parenchymal

Interstitial lung disease (i.e. usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, acute   interstitial pneumonia/diffuse alveolar damage and organising pneumonia)

Pleural disease

Pleural effusion

Pneumothorax

Bronchopleural fistula

Trapped lung syndrome

Airway obstruction

Cricoarytenoid arthritis

Bronchiectasis

Follicular bronchiolitis

Obliterative (constrictive) bronchiolitis

Nodules

Rheumatoid nodules

Caplan syndrome

Vascular disease

Rheumatoid vasculitis

Pulmonary hypertension

Other

Drug toxicity

Infection

Malignancy

Thoracic cage restriction

Thromboembolic disease