Table 2.

Intra-rater reliability (kappa statistics ± 95% CI) of needle placements using ultrasound imaging (n = 20).

	Method 1 (2 cm from Spinous Process, 20° Angle)	Method 2 (4 cm from Spinous Process, 450° Angle)
Reaching the vertebra lamina
L4 L5	0.571 (0.142, 1.000) 0.286 (−0.163, 0.735)	0.211 (−0.244, 0.666) -0.091 (−0.248, 0.066)
Reaching the deep lumbar multifidus
L4 L5	0.459 (−0.139, 1.057) 0.273 (−0.164, 0.710)	0.608 (0.114, 1.102) 0.459 (−0.139, 1.057)