Table 1.
Characteristics of species from different emission processes.
| Emission process | Refueling | Hot soak | Statistic permeation | Venting permeation | Venting canister |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major species | i-Pentane | i-Pentane | Toluene | Propane | i-Pentane |
| n-Butane | n-Butane | i-Pentane | n-Butane | n-Butane | |
| MTBE | MTBE | MTBE | i-Butane | i-Butane | |
| i-Butane | Toluene | 3-Methylpentane | Propene | Propane | |
| 3-Methylpentane | i-Butane | n-Butane | i-Pentane | n-Pentane | |
| n-Pentane | n-Pentane | n-Pentane | Ethane | trans-2-Butene | |
| trans-2-Butene | 3-Methylpentane | m/p-Xylene | n-Pentane | MTBE | |
| Portion of major species | 74.11% | 64.90% | 57.24% | 86.33% | 75.28% |
| Alkanes: Alkenes: Aromatics: OVOCs | 70:14:1:13 | 61:6:18:12 | 50:10:26:14 | 84:14:0:1 | 73:18:2:5 |
| C2~3:C4~5:C6~11 | 4:77:19 | 16:58:25 | 19:46:34 | 42:48:10 | 12:78:9 |
| OFP | 2.96 | 2.80 | 3.47 | 2.54 | 3.30 |
| SOAP | 1.92 | 1.77 | 25.08 | 0.36 | 2.40 |