TABLE 1.

Criteria and cut-off points to diagnose sarcopenia according to the main consensus criteria groups

Consensus group	Main criteria definition	Lean muscle mass	Muscle function
			Handgrip strength	Gait speed m·s−1	SPPB	TUG
ESPEN SIG [33]	Low muscle mass plus low gait speed	2sd below mean of young adults of the same sex and ethnic background		<0.8 (4MGS)
EWGSOP [34]	Low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low gait speed	ASMI:	Male <30 kg	<0.8 (4MGS)	≤8
		DXA score	Female <20 kg
		Male ≤7.26 kg·m−2
		Female ≤5.54 kg·m−2
		(2sd below mean of young adults)
		BIA score:
		Male 8.87 kg·m−2
		Female 6.42 kg·m−2
		(2sd below mean of young adults)
IWGS task force [35]	Low ASMI plus low gait speed	ASMI:		<1 (4MGS)
		Male ≤7.23 kg·m−2
		Female ≤5.67 kg·m−2
FNIH [36]	Low ALM/BMI plus low handgrip	ALM/BMI	Male <26 kg	<0.8 (4MGS, 6MWT)
		Male <0.789	Female <16 kg
		Female <0.512	kg/BMI
			Male <1
			Female <0.56
AWGS [37]	Low ASMI plus low gait speed or low handgrip	ASMI:	Male <26 kg	≤0.8 (6MWT)
		Male ≤7.0 kg·m−2	Female <18 kg
		Female ≤5.4 kg·m−2
EWGSOP2 [38]	Low muscle strength plus low muscle mass; severity of sarcopenia involve low physical performance	ASMI:	Male <27 kg	≤0.8	≤8	≥20 s
		Male <7.0 kg·m−2	Female <16 kg
		Female <5.5 kg·m−2

SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; TUG: timed up and go test; ESPEN SIG: European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Special Interest Group (“cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases”); EWGSOP: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; IWGS: International Working Group on Sarcopenia; FNIH: Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; AWGS: Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia; 4MGS: 4-min gait speed; ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI: body mass index; ALM: appendicular lean mass; 6MWT: 6-min walk test.