TABLE 2.
Main characteristics of the cross-sectional selected studies in the meta-analysis
| First author [ref.] | Country | Subjects n | Male | Age years | Setting | Consensus group | Prevalence % (n) | Components of sarcopenia | |||||
| Lean mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | |||||||||||
| Method | Cut-off | Method | Cut-off kg | Method | Cut-off m·s −1 | ||||||||
| De Blasio [55] | Italy | COPD: 263 | 70.3 | 69.8±8.0 | Clinical | EWGSOP | 24 (63) | BIA (SMI) | M: ≤8.50 kg·m−2 F: ≤5.75 kg·m−2 |
HGS | NS | 4MGS | <0.8 |
| Munhoz da Rocha Lemos Costa [56] | Brazil | COPD: 121 | 46.3 | 67.9±8.6 | Clinical | FNIH | 12.4 (15) | DXA (ALM/BMI) | M: <0.789 F: <0.512 |
NS | 6MWT | ≤0.8 | |
| Limpawattanaz [57] | Thailand | COPD: 121 | 92.6 | >65 | Clinical | AWGS | 24 (29) | DXA (ASMI) | M: ≤7.0 kg·m−2 F: ≤5.4 kg·m−2 |
HGS | M: 26 F: 18 |
6MWT | <0.8 |
| Trajanoska [58] | Netherlands | COPD: 882 All population: 5911 |
69.2±9.1 | Population | EWGSOP | COPD: 7.9 (70) All population: 4.4 (260) |
DXA (SMI) | M: ≤7.25 kg·m−2 F: ≤5.67 kg·m−2 |
HGS | M: ≤29 (if BMI ≤24) | GAITRite | M: <0.65 (if height ≤173 cm) | |
| ≤30 (if BMI ≤24.1–28) | <0.76 (if height >173 cm) | ||||||||||||
| ≤32 (if BMI >28) | F: <0.65 (if height ≤159 cm) | ||||||||||||
| F: ≤17 (if BMI ≤23) | <0.76 (if height >159 cm) | ||||||||||||
| ≤17.3 (if BMI ≤23.1–26) | |||||||||||||
| ≤18 (if BMI ≤26.1–29) | |||||||||||||
| ≤21 (if BMI >29) | |||||||||||||
| Byun [59] | Korea | COPD: 80 | 83.8 | 68.4±8.9 | Clinical | EWGSOP | 25 (20) | BIA (SMI) | Below 2sd of mean population | HGS | M: ≤30 F: ≤20 |
NS | |
| Lian [60] | China | COPD: 96 | 58.3 | 62.4±7.9 | Clinical | EWGSOP | 28.1 (27) | BIA (SMI) | M: ≤7.01 kg·m−2 F: ≤5.43 kg·m−2 |
HGS | M: ≤35.04 F: ≤21.82 |
NS | |
| Borda [61] | Colombia | COPD/asthma: 334 No COPD/asthma: 1666 |
32.9 | >60 | Population | EWGSOP | COPD/asthma: 11 (28) No COPD/asthma: 6.9 (77) |
CC | <31 cm | NS | 4MGS | ||
| Tasar# [62] | Turkey | COPD: 33 All population: 211 |
69.7 | 73.9±7.2 | Nursing home | EWGSOP | COPD: 66.7 (22) All population 33.6 (71) |
BIA (FFM/BSA) | Below the 20th percentile of mean population | HGS | M: ≤30 F: ≤20 |
6MWT | ≤0.8 |
| Jones [63] | UK | COPD: 622 | 58.8 | 73±8 | Clinical | EWGSOP | 14.5 (90) | BIA (SMI) | M: ≤8.50 kg·m−2 F: ≤5.75 kg·m−2 |
HGS | M: <30 F: <20 |
4MGS | <0.8 |
| Landi [64] | Italy | COPD: 13 All population: 122 |
68 | 84±7.3 | Nursing home | EWGSOP | COPD: 53.4 (7) All population: 32.8 (40) |
BIA (SMI) | M: <8.87 kg·m−2 F: <6.42 kg·m−2 |
HGS | M: <30 F: <20 |
4MGS | ≤0.8 |
Data are presented as % or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. EWGSOP: European Working Group Older People; M: male; F: female; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; SMI: skeletal muscle index; NS: not specified; HGS: handgrip strength; 4MGS: 4-min gait speed; FNIH: Foundation for the National Institute of Health; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ALM: appendicular lean mass; BMI: body mass index; 6MWT: 6-min walk test; AWGS: Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia; ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass index; GAITRite: 5.79-m-long electronic walkway; CC: calf circumference; FFM: fat-free mass; BSA: body surface area. #: data directly obtained from authors.