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. 2022 Sep 6;13:823659. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823659

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Copyright © 2022 Maslinska and Kostyra-Grabczak

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Outline of the possible action of viruses in the pathogenesis of pSS. The presented diagram shows the possible paths of activation of the autoimmune process by viruses such as bystander activation and molecular mimicry and the action of the virus as a superantigen—which are described in full in the text of the article. Created with BioRender.com. APC, antigen-presenting cell; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HBV, hepatitis C virus; PC, plasmatic cell; SAG, superantigen.