Table 3.

The Pathways of the Multiple Mediation Model

Pathways	Standardized Effect	95% CI
		Lower	Upper
Direct effects
SA1→AC	0.342	0.293	0.386
Indirect effects
SA1→TM→AC	0.031	0.009	0.053
SA1→SA2→AC	0.021	0.011	0.035
SA1→TM→SA2→AC	0.008	0.002	0.017
Total indirect effects	0.060	0.031	0.092

Abbreviations: SA1, smartphone addiction; TM, time management; SA2, learning Strategic approach; AC, academic procrastination.